Radionuclide concentrations

Once the radionuclide concentration in the air, and the ground deposition at a certain location liave been computed, the next step is to consider how the radiation reaches the people at that location. The four major pathways are ... 

The radiation dose from being in or near a "cloud" of aiibome radioactivity can be calculated if the radionuclide concentration in the cloud is known. While radioactive noble gases may be inhaled, they are not retained in the body, hence, most of their dose contribution is by cloud radiation. 

Neder H, Heusser G, Laubenstein M (2000) Low-level y-ray germanium-spectrometer to measure veiy low primordial radionuclide concentrations. ApplRadiat Isot 53 191-195 Palacz ZA, Freedman PA, Walder AJ (1992) Thorium isotope ratio measurements at high abundance sensitivity using a VG 54-30, an energy-filtered thermal ionization mass spectrometer. Chem Geol 101 157-165... 

Arthur WJ, Janke DH. 1986. Radionuclide concentrations in wildlife occurring at a solid radioactive waste disposal area. Northwest Sci 60(3) 154-165. 

Caper SG, Cunningham WC. 2000. Element and radionuclide concentration in food FDA total diet study 1991-1996. J AOAC Int 83(1) 157-177. 

DOE. 1997a. Evaluation of the anthropogenic radionuclide concentrations in sediments and fauna collected in the Beaufort Sea and Northern Alaska. Los Alamos National Laboratory. U.S. Department of Energy. LA-13302-MS. UC-721. Contract W-7405-ENG-36. DE-97007-298. 

PNL. 2000. Hanford site environmental report for calendar year 1994. Air surveillance, airborne radionuclide concentrations in the Hanford Environs, 1994 compared to values from the previous 5 years. Facility Effluent Monitoring. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, http //www.pnl/gov/. December 12, 2000. 

For comparison, we have calculated the health effects for typical residential properties (4 occupants each) based on 1) the naturally occurring background radiation levels and radionuclide concentrations in four cities across the U.S. (see Table V) and 2) the EPA (CFR, 1981) guideline values (20 yR/h, 0.02 WL, 5 pCi Ra-226/g of soil) for cleanup at inactive uranium processing sites (see Table VI). 

Table II Range of Observed Radiation Levels and Radionuclide Concentrations at Uranium Mill Tailings Vicinity Properties...

Figure 5. Radionuclide concentration profile at Station B-2 in Bikini Atoll Lagoon. Key X. Co 0,13TCs , lssEu A, 207Bi ,241 Am and >...

All models available to date rest on two basic assumptions, viz. (i) the flux of the radionuclide to the sediment water interface has remained constant with time (or if the flux has varied, then its time variations are known) and (ii) the tracers and sediment particles are not independently mobile in the sediment pile. If these conditions are met then the temporal variations in the radionuclide concentration at depth, z, below the moving sediment-water interface would be given by [63,64,65,66] ... 

Radionuclide concentrations in field collections of selected abiotic materials... 

Radionuclide concentrations in selected samples from the Pacific Proving Grounds... 

Radionuclide concentrations in biotic and abiotic materials from various geographic locales before or after the Chernobyl nuclear accident on April 26, 1986... 

Table 32.13 Radionuclide Concentrations in Field Collections of Selected Abiotic Materials... 

Table 32.13 (continued) Radionuclide Concentrations in Field Collections of Selected Abiotic Materials (Concentrations are in becquerels per kilogram fresh weight [FW], or dry weight [DW].)... 

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