Turnkey plant

A typical process scheme for the direct hydration of propylene is shown ia Figure 2. Turnkey plants based on this technology are available (71,81). The principal difference between the direct and iadirect processes is the much higher pressures needed to react propylene direcdy with water. Products and by-products are also similar, and refining systems are essentially the same. Under some conditions, the high pressures of the direct process can increase the production of propylene polymers. 

Turnkey operation A complete fabrication line or system, such as an extruder with a thermoformer line with upstream and downstream equipment. Controls interface all the equipment in-line from material delivery to the end of the line handling the product for in-plant storage or shipment out of the plant. 

Thereafter, polyester fibre manufacture spread very rapidly throughout the world. Initially, the technology transfer was mainly from the existing producers, but after expiry of the patents it was provided increasingly by engineering firms, who provided not only specific sections of production plant but also turnkey plants with start-up support, thus enabling relatively undeveloped countries to establish fibre production. 

Finlay, W. S. and Ferguson, P. V. Design and operation of a turnkey reverse osmosis water treatment plant, presented at the International Congress on Desalination and Water Re-use (Tokyo, 1977). 

Chemicals and Dyes. Practically every chemical being used is produced within India, some in small quantities, others in large. India also has the capacity to export chemical plants, on a turnkey basis, for such materials as sulfriric acid, caustic soda, soda ash, and fertilizer. In the following discussion, the history of two chemicals, once in great demand from India and which are no longer produced, will be set forth as well as three whose production rate is continuously growing. 

Turnkey plant. Consists of all the hardware, software, technical data, and technical assistance necessary for the installation of a complete operating facility for the production of the commodity, a chemical substance, at defined production rates and to specified product qualities. Hardware consists of all the equipment, components, control valves, instruments, reaction vessels, feed lines, and exposition proof barriers necessary for the conduct of the unit operations of the overall production process, whether the items arc assembled or disassembled for transportation. The plant may be designed for installation at a prepared site that includes locally constructed and installed explosion-proof barricades... 

Most suppliers of technology, equipment, catalysts, and LSTK (Lumpsum Turnkey) contractors, as well as plant operators, engineers, and technocrats participate. We have broadly outlined the major internationally known suppliers under the following categories ... 

In 1919 M/s. Dharamsi Moraiji Chemical Co. Ltd. was pioneer in producing sulfuric acid in India. A Lead chamber process plant was imported on Turnkey basis from England. This produced weak sulfuric acid in the range of 50-60%. 

The co-utilization of RDF materials with coal in gasification and pyrolysis plant will also be of increasing relevance in the medium- to longer-term future, even though there are relatively few plants currently in operation. Apart from the limited extent of demonstration of the technologies and the lack of a turnkey supplier for plant, electricity market economics are a major hurdle to the introduction of co-gasification. 

Consumption of raw materials, power, steam, and water shall be lowest or comparable with the best in industry. Specific consumptions of all inputs per unit of output shall be very economical over all operating capacity ranges. This is the main requirement when the plant is being obtained on a turnkey basis from the external party. 

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