Composting commercial

The effect of amending soil with other types of organic-rich material has also been investigated by sequential extraction. These materials include chicken manure and cowpea leaves (Li et al, 1997) spent mushroom compost, commercial humic acid and poultry litter (Shuman, 1998) and cow manure, pig manure and peat soil (Narwal and Singh, 1998). The mechanisms by which inorganic additives (zeolite, apatite and iron oxide) reduce uptake of Cd and Pb by crops have also been studied (Chlopecka and Adriano, 1997). 

Ramaswamy et al. [75] Lab-scale in-vessel composting (120 1) Commercial poultry manure Salinomycin... 

As an industrial and commercial product, PVA is valued for its solubility and biodegradability, which contributes to its very low environmental impact. Several microorganisms ubiquitous in artificial and natural environments — such as septic systems, landfills, compost and soil — have been identified and they are able to degrade PVA through enzymatic processes. 

Commercial soil improvers, such as composted manures and plant wastes, can be purchased if you are unable to make enough... 

Commercial bagged compost Variable fertility check labels. Dig in or mulch. 

All materials and equipment used for composting are commercially available. 

This technology has been demonstrated in bench-, pUot-, and full-scale applications. The Bohn Biofilter Bohn off-gas treatment (TO 130) is one example of a commercially available biofilter system that uses compost or soil as the filter medium. 

A commercial vendor of biofiltration technologies that use soil or compost estimates the treatment cost with a biofilter at 5 to 10/kg of waste. Factors that have a significant effect on the unit price are the quantity of waste, the target contaminant concentration, and the initial contaminant concentration and the targeted final concentration of the treated contaminant. These... 

Various plant extracts are allowed under most organic guidelines, provided that they are not formulated in petroleum-based synergists or carriers. However, they are only rarely used, primarily as insecticides (Table 4.1). Compost extracts are used more frequently, and are commercially formulated these days (Litterick ef al. 2004). They can be very effective in disease control, depending on the starting material, the composting and fermentation procedures, and the final microbial activity. 

Air. Hydrocarbon vapors in air are readily treated with biofilters. These arc typically rather large devices with a very large surface area provided by bulky material such as a bark or straw compost. Tile contaminated air, perhaps from a soil vapor-extraction treatment or from a factory using hydrocarbon solvents, is blown through the filter, and organisms, usually indigenous to the filler material or provided by a soil or commercial inoculum, grow and consume the hydrocarbons. 

In the application laboratory, students determine the quantity of carbon dioxide produced from the decay of leaves over a given period of time and report their results as milligrams of C02 per gram of leaf per day. They set up compost jars and a control jar a week in advance to give the leaves a chance to decay. The students back titrate to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide left unreacted, which enables them to ultimately determine the quantity of carbon dioxide produced from the decay of the leaves. The previously done skill -building laboratory has given them experience with back titrations when they analyzed the number of moles of hydrochloric acid neutralized by different commercial antacids. 

PLA polymers are fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With proper equipment, PLA can be converted back to monomer, which then can be converted back into polymers. Alternatively, PLA can be biodegraded into water, carbon dioxide and organic material. At the end of a PLA-based product s life cycle, a product made from PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of the original product remains. 

---