Poultry litter

Adams PL, Daniel TC, Nichols DJ, Pote DH, Scott HD (1994) Poultry Litter and Manure Contributions to Nitrate Leaching through the Vadose Zone. Soil Sci Soc Am J 58 1206-1211... 

Soupir, M. L., Mostaghimi, S., Yagow, E. R., Hagedorn, C., and Vaughan, D. H. (2006). Transport of faecal bacteria from poultry litter and cattle manures applied to pastureland. Water Air Soil Pollut. 169, 125-136. 

Garbarino, J.R., Bednar, A.J., Rutherford, D.W. et al. (2003) Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(8), 1509-14. 

The effect of amending soil with other types of organic-rich material has also been investigated by sequential extraction. These materials include chicken manure and cowpea leaves (Li et al, 1997) spent mushroom compost, commercial humic acid and poultry litter (Shuman, 1998) and cow manure, pig manure and peat soil (Narwal and Singh, 1998). The mechanisms by which inorganic additives (zeolite, apatite and iron oxide) reduce uptake of Cd and Pb by crops have also been studied (Chlopecka and Adriano, 1997). 

Moore P. A., Jr. and Miller D. M. (1994) Decreasing phosphorus solubility in poultry litter with aluminum, calcium, and iron amendments. J. Environ. Qual. 23, 325-330. 

Eiteman, M.A. Gordillo Cabrera, M.L. Analysis of oxonic acid, uric acid, creatine, allantoin, xanthine and hypoxanthine in poultry litter by reverse phase HPLC. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994, 348, 680-683. 

Nichols D.J., DanielT.C., Moore P.A.Jr, Edwards D.R., Pote D.H. (1997) Runoff of estrogen hormone 17beta-estradiol from poultry litter applied to pasture. J Environ. Qual. 26, 1002-6. 

The application of fertilizer to soil, as ammonia, ammonium compounds, or ammonia precursors (such as urea), is a well documented source of ammonia release to the atmosphere (ApSimon et al. 1987 Beyrouty et al. 1988 Buijsman et al. 1987 Kucey 1988 Olivier et al. 1998 Reynolds and Wolf 1988). The rate of ammonia emission from ground sources, such as freshly fertilized fields and cattle feedlots, is dependent on variables such as the pH, temperature, soil characteristics, rainfall, method of application, wind speed, etc. (Bouwmeester and Vlek 1981 Brunke et al. 1988 Denmead et al. 1982 Hoff et al. 1981 Kucey 1988 Nason et al. 1988 Reynolds and Wolf 1988). Ammonia can volatilize from sewage sludge that has been spread on the surface of the soil (Beauchamp et al. 1978 Ryan and Keeney 1975) as well as from poultry litter (Brinson et al. 1994). In the latter case, composted poultry litter released far less volatile NH3 to the atmosphere (0-0.24% of applied) than did fresh poultry litter (17-23%) (Brinson et al. 1994). In contrast, the crops themselves are often minor sources of atmospheric NH3. Harper and Sharpe (1995) demonstrated almost no net atmospheric NH3 flux in com crops, due to their relatively similar emission and uptake rates of NH3 over the growing season. 

Moore Jr., PA and Sauer TJ ARS, Fayetteville Arkansas Research designed to determine the effect of alum, phosphoric acid, and a proprietary microbial mixture on composting process (temperatures, COj evolution,) and evaluate changes in ammonia volatilization and nutrient content of composting poultry litter. USDA in-house... 

Brinson SEJR, Cabrera ML, Tyson SC. 1994. Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied, fresh and composted poultry litter. Plant Soil 167(2) 213-218. 

Drizone. [Engelhard] Mineral poultry litter material. 

Since poultry litter is used routinely because of its high nutrient content as a fertilizer on cropland and pasture, the fate of roxarsone was investigated, degradation (mineralization) to water-soluble compounds (As ",... 

Rutherford DW, Bednar AJ, Garbarino JR, Needham R, Staver KW and Wershaw RL (2003) Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. Part II. Mobility of arsenic in soils amended with poultry litter. Environ Sci Technol 37 1515 -1520. 

Drizone. [Engelhard Mineral poultry litter m eiial. 

Add organic fertilizers Organic fertilizers such as bonemeal or rock phosphate are useful when planting new shrubs and trees, or where the soil is poor. Poultry litter, or manure, provides nitrogen, phosphates, potash, and calcium. Comfrey... 

Kanarat S, Tangsirisup N, Nijthavom N, et al., An investigation into the possible occurrence of chloramphenicol in poultry litter, Proc. EuroResidue VI Conf. Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, May 19-21, 2008. 

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