Collection procedure

C) may break through the sorbent under the conditions of the sample collection procedure. 

Quality assurance programs are designed to serve two functions (1) assessment of collected air quality data and (2) improvement of the data collection process. These two functions form a loop as air quality data are collected, procedures are implemented to determine whether the data are of acceptable precision and accuracy. If they are not, increased quality control procedures are implemented to improve the data collection process. 

Data Collection Procedures for Major Incident Analysis... 

Data collection procedures must be established to capture the required information. Various methods have been proposed for collecting such data, including a draft international standard that provides criteria for collecting data in nuclear power plants.i These criteria are also useful in developing methodologies for collection of data within the CPI. Smith and Babb provide additional information beyond that presented in this book. 

Basic data collection procedures need to be comprehensive and formalized. They should address completion of the collection forms, the filing and distribution of these forms, and retention requirements of data source materials and other documents. 

The individual responsible for completing the data input forms needs formalized training in data collection procedures, with written instructions on form completion, on data handling, and on documentation procedures. Other material needed to encode raw data properly must be available. In addition, these individuals need access to a consultant within the organization to help resolve questions that may arise. 

Various techniques for collection of root exudates are associated with the risk of root injury by rupture of root hairs and epidermal cells or rapid change of the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, oxygen availability) during transfer of root systems into trap solutions, application of absorbtion materials onto the root surface, and preparation of root systems for exudate collection. The possible impact of those stress treatments may be assessed by measuring parameters of plant growth in plants either. subjected or not subjected to the collection procedure (6) and by comparing exudation patterns after exposure of roots to the handling procedures with different intensity. 

Audits of each phase of the study should include personnel training, preparation of collection forms, application calibration, each sample collection procedure, sample transport, each type of chemical analysis, data recording, data entry, data verification and data storage. Data collection in the field is often tedious if automated logging devices are not in place. To ensure data integrity, the paper and ink used for field studies should be waterproof. Each data collection form should contain appropriate locations for information detailing the time and location of sample collection, sample transport and sample analysis. Data collection forms should be stored in an orderly fashion in a secure location immediately upon return of field teams from the field at the end of each day. It is also important for data quality for studies to collect necessary field data seven days per week when required. In our experience, poor study quality is likely when field sample and data collection do not proceed on weekends. 

Preparation of seedlings for treatments with extract-amended nutrient solution was similar to that described for testing the effects of phenolic acids, except 40 plants were used per treatment and no replacement of the nutrient solution was made during the treatment period. Data collection procedures were modified in that only ab-axial leaf resistance was obtained and water potential was determined from four plants each day. Prior work established that abaxial resistance provided an adequate indicator of stomatal effects. The data were analyzed as described in experiments with pCA and FA. 

Radford-Knoery J, Cutter GA. 1993. Determination of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide species in natural waters using specialized collection procedures and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Anal Chem 65 976-982. 

At both the evaluation and the application level of a point-to-point IVIVC, in vitro dissolution data sets need to be treated and/or compared with each other. Appropriate methods vary with the data collection procedure and whether or not a model is to be fitted to the data. 

As indicated, a progressively larger portion of activities in a clinical trial matrix is controlled by function-specific software, provided by IT vendors, CROs, or sponsors. This may be problemahc in study sites that execute multiple studies for different sponsors simultaneously, all having different SOPs, data collection procedures and payment policies. Standardized site-specific software is being developed and refined to accommodate this problem, but currently busy study sites can find this accommodation challenging. 

In some cases, when petroleum and/or petroleum products are released to the environment, a free phase is formed and sample(s) of the hydrocarbon material can be collected directly for characterization. The ability to analyze free product greatly aids the determination of product type and potential source. The samples may be diluted prior to analysis EPA SW-846 3580 (waste dilution) gives some guidelines for proper dilution techniques. However, caution is advised since as part of the initial sample collection procedure, water and sediment may be included in the sample inadvertently. Several protocols involved in initial isolation and cleanup of the sample must be recognized. In fact, considerable importance attaches to the presence of water or sediment in crude oil (ASTM D1796, D4007), for they lead to difficulties in other analyses. 

A number of synchrotrons (including the National Synchrotron Light Source, New York, the Advanced Light Source, Berkley, and soon the Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon) operate mail-in crystallography services where a scientist can mail in crystals (prefrozen and mounted on loops) and data will be collected, processed (sometimes), and returned. This is becoming a method of choice, as it eliminates the need to travel to a synchrotron and speeds up the data collection procedure at the synchrotron also. 

In move 2, Describe Experimental Methods (hgure 3.1), authors describe how they obtained their data. The move involves two submoves. The hrst submove, describe procedures, includes analytical procedures (e.g., the steps used to prepare, extract, concentrate, and/or derivatize a sample), held-collection procedures (e.g., the steps used to collect water samples from a polluted lake), and synthetic procedures (e.g., the steps used to synthesize target compounds), to name only a few. In some journals (particularly those describing analytical procedures), this submove also includes procedures used to ensure the accuracy and precision of the work. Such procedures are described as quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC). 

The collection procedure itself is straightforward. After cataloguing and identification, 1-2 kg of the plant material is dried, or stored in alcohol and brought back to the lab. The plant material is crushed and extracted with various solvents (most plant-derived bioactive molecules are low molecular mass substances, soluble in organic solvents of varying polarity). After removal of the solvent, the extracts are screened for desirable biological activities (e.g. inhibition of microbial growth, selective toxicity towards various human cancer cell lines, etc.). 

Peak widths. The lineshapes and linewidths of peaks in a powder XRD pattern depend on the crystallinity of the sample, as well as features of the instrumentation and the data collection procedure. In particular, peaks in the powder XRD pattern may be broadened as a consequence of small crystallite size. If the powder XRD patterns of two samples with the same crystal structure have significantly different linewidths, the visual appearance may differ substantially, especially in regions of significant peak overlap. 

To acquire a representative sample, one must develop and implement a suitable sampling plan. A good sampling plan includes (i) population determination and sample size selection and (ii) sample collection procedure and sample size reduction method. In addition, one needs an infrastructure to maintain the integrity of the samples and sampled materials. To begin with, a brief introduction to the sampling theory and terminology is in order. 

Brief descriptions of each of the test methods are presented in the following sections. The complete methods are available on request from EMSL-Cincinnati. Sample collection procedures for purgeable volatile analytes are unique and are described in the individual methods. Sample collection procedures for analytes other than the purgeable volatiles can be found in reference 7. 

Common Pathways for Loss of Nitric Acid (Without Artifact Particulate Nitrate Formation). Introduction. Loss of HN03 can result from sorption on the surfaces of sampler inlets and inlet lines this situation is common to all collection procedures for atmospheric HN03. Such inlet losses are rarely determined, so it is difficult to assess the accuracy of atmospheric HN03 measurements or to pinpoint the source of bias between methods in intermethod comparisons (e.g., see reference 26). In addition to sampler-associated losses, N03 can be lost from samples during storage. 

Collection. Procedures commonly used to collect vapor-phase organic compounds include whole-air, cryogenic, adsorption, absorption, and de-rivatization methods. Whole-air sampling involves the capture of an air parcel in a container. Stainless steel canisters or plastic bags constructed from an inert material, such as Teflon or Tedlar, are most commonly used. Each of... 

Aside from whole-air collection in stainless steel canisters, additional analytical studies are needed with the other collection methodologies. For example, the cryogenic collection procedure potentially offers an excellent way of automating the collection of hydrocarbons. However, methods for removing ozone and water must be developed that are applicable for continuous operation. A single solid adsorbent material that will quantitatively retain and elute organic species would be highly desirable. 

Speciation. The method used to resolve a complex air matrix into individual species is dependent on the collection procedure that was used. Gaseous samples are separated into the individual components with gas chromatography, whereas samples in liquid media (derivatized and absorbed) are usually resolved on a liquid or ion chromatograph. 

Responsibilities and data collection procedures Test procedures, specific acceptance criteria Documentation procedures Summary and deviation report... 

Choose method and schedule for blood collection. Common survival blood collection methods for metabolic profiling are tail-nick, tail snip, saphenous vein, submandibular (cheek), and retroorbital bleeding. With the tail nick or tail snip blood collection methods, 75 pi samples of blood can be collected up to four times in a 1-day experiment, not exceeding a total of 250 pi, and are used as default blood collection procedures. This usually provides up to 30 pi serum samples and is sufficient to measure glucose, insulin, and other metabolic markers. In some cases, larger... 

At 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 min after glucose injection, repeat the blood collection procedure. 

Before beginning the terminal collection procedures have all serum separation tubes for blood collection labeled and all tubes for tissue collection labeled and filled with 5-10 ml 10% formalin (3.7% formaldehyde). Organs from the same mouse can be pooled in the same tube as they can simply be embedded in a single block for histological analysis. 

The statistical uncertainty arising from the analytical measurement is derived from the automatic data collection procedure noted before. The AGAS computer performs a standard error analysis and produces both a mean and the standard error of the mean associated with that value. A computer program is used to combine the uncertainties from the primary gravimetric process with the uncertainties produced from the standard deviation of the instrument s response for each of the gas mixtures. 

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