Handling procedures

In general, the PCTFE resins have been found to be low in toxicity and irritation potential under normal handling conditions. Specific toxicological information and safe handling procedures are provided by the manufacturer of specified PCTFE products upon request. 

Special handling procedures have been described (39) for those cases where the Grignard reagent is purchased commercially (either in dmms or bulk) for use in a separate facihty. 

Pseudocumene is shipped ia barges, tank cars, tank tmcks, isocontainers, and dmms. Mesitylene is shipped ia tank tmcks, isocontainers, and dmms, whereas durene is shipped molten ia heated tank tmcks, isocontainers, and occasionally as a cast soHd in dmms. Mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene are classified as flammable Hquids the higher homologues are classified as combustible. The higher melting PMBs requite additional precautions when handled in the molten state to avoid thermal bums. Detailed shipping and handling procedures are described in manufacturers material... 

Implement strict quality control program Employ good operating procedures Develop effluent handling procedures... 

Overhaul regulators on a 3-6 month basis for corrosive gases, annually for others Train staff in hazards and correct handling procedures. 

Another example of suspect product is when product is mishandled but shows no obvious signs of damage. This may arise when product is dropped or not handled in the stipulated clean conditions or in accordance with electrostatic safe-handling procedures. 

Handling provisions serve two purposes, both related to safety protection of the product from the individual and protection of the individual handling the product. By referring back to clause 4.15.1 it would appear that element 4.15 of the standard is only concerned with safety of the product and not the individual however, the two cannot and should not be separated and handling procedures should address both aspects. 

The sttuidard requires the prepmer of the MSDS to list atiy gcticrally applicable cotitrol tncasures. These include engineering controls, safe handling procedures, and personal protective equipment. Infonnation is often included on the use of goggles, gloves, body suits, respirators, and face shields. 

An MSDS sheet serves as a reference source for information on a hazardous substance. Tlie MSDS sheet identifies the substance, identifies die producer or seller of die substance, the location of die producer or seller, explains why the substance is hazardous, explains how a person can be exposed to die substance, identifies conditions that increase the hazard, explains safe handling procedures, identifies proper protective clothing or devices to be used when working with die substance, explains the steps dial should be taken if a person is exposed to die substance, and explains die steps dial should be taken if there is a spill or emergency situation. 

Increased coefficients relating to the conditions of preparation and the handling procedure are then applied. The aim is to quantify the risk in industrial plants. This might be where this approach may appear to be too specialised to be of use in small scale reactions. The table below gives these coefficients. ... 

Various techniques for collection of root exudates are associated with the risk of root injury by rupture of root hairs and epidermal cells or rapid change of the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, oxygen availability) during transfer of root systems into trap solutions, application of absorbtion materials onto the root surface, and preparation of root systems for exudate collection. The possible impact of those stress treatments may be assessed by measuring parameters of plant growth in plants either. subjected or not subjected to the collection procedure (6) and by comparing exudation patterns after exposure of roots to the handling procedures with different intensity. 

For all 12 mother-infant pairs, either the mother or the infant s toxicology report was subsequently positive for PCP. In nine cases, the screens for both mother and infant were positive. In two cases, the mother s results were positive and the infant s were negative. In one case, the infant had a positive result while the mother s test was negative. Test sensitivity, specimen handling procedures, and delays in obtaining specimens undoubtedly contributed to the inconsistency in paired results. Cocaine, codeine, and glutethemide, in addition to phencyclidine, were identified in the urine toxicology screens of two mothers and their neonates. 

For assays of stable materials with wide ranges of tolerable error, sample handling is of little concern. For assays of labile materials, especially assays for purity or for minor components, controlled sample handling procedures need to be established. There are three potential ways in which a sample may become contaminated, namely by the sampling tools, sample containers, and degradation on storage. 

Nondestructive radiation techniques can be used, whereby the sample is probed as it is being produced or delivered. However, the sample material is not always the appropriate shape or size, and therefore has to be cut, melted, pressed or milled. These handling procedures introduce similar problems to those mentioned before, including that of sample homogeneity. This problem arises from the fact that, in practice, only small portions of the material can be irradiated. Typical nondestructive analytical techniques are XRF, NAA and PIXE microdestructive methods are arc and spark source techniques, glow discharge and various laser ablation/desorption-based methods. On the other hand, direct solid sampling techniques are also not without problems. Most suffer from matrix effects. There are several methods in use to correct for or overcome matrix effects ... 

For PMMA/additive dissolutions, it was not possible to identify any additive characteristic mass peaks, either by direct laser desorption or with matrix-assistance (dithranol, DHBA or sinapinic acid, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid). This has again been ascribed to very strong interaction between PMMA and additives, which suppresses desorption of additive molecules. Also, partial depolymerisation of pho-tolytically labile PMMA by laser irradiation may play a role, which leads to saturation of the detector by PMMA fragment-ions and disappearance of additive mass peaks below noise level. Meyer-Dulheuer [55] has also reported MALDI-TOFMS analysis of a coating/2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate sample. Quantitative determination of the additives by means of MALDI-ToFMS proved impossible. Possibly the development of reproducible (automated) sample handling procedures or thin films might overcome this problem. 

Kluft C., Verheijen J. H. Leiden Fibrinolysis Working Party. Blood collection and handling procedures for assessment of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Fibrinolysis 1990 4(Suppl2) 155-61. 

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