Data collection procedures

Data Collection Procedures for Major Incident Analysis... 

Data collection procedures must be established to capture the required information. Various methods have been proposed for collecting such data, including a draft international standard that provides criteria for collecting data in nuclear power plants.i These criteria are also useful in developing methodologies for collection of data within the CPI. Smith and Babb provide additional information beyond that presented in this book. 

Basic data collection procedures need to be comprehensive and formalized. They should address completion of the collection forms, the filing and distribution of these forms, and retention requirements of data source materials and other documents. 

The individual responsible for completing the data input forms needs formalized training in data collection procedures, with written instructions on form completion, on data handling, and on documentation procedures. Other material needed to encode raw data properly must be available. In addition, these individuals need access to a consultant within the organization to help resolve questions that may arise. 

Preparation of seedlings for treatments with extract-amended nutrient solution was similar to that described for testing the effects of phenolic acids, except 40 plants were used per treatment and no replacement of the nutrient solution was made during the treatment period. Data collection procedures were modified in that only ab-axial leaf resistance was obtained and water potential was determined from four plants each day. Prior work established that abaxial resistance provided an adequate indicator of stomatal effects. The data were analyzed as described in experiments with pCA and FA. 

At both the evaluation and the application level of a point-to-point IVIVC, in vitro dissolution data sets need to be treated and/or compared with each other. Appropriate methods vary with the data collection procedure and whether or not a model is to be fitted to the data. 

As indicated, a progressively larger portion of activities in a clinical trial matrix is controlled by function-specific software, provided by IT vendors, CROs, or sponsors. This may be problemahc in study sites that execute multiple studies for different sponsors simultaneously, all having different SOPs, data collection procedures and payment policies. Standardized site-specific software is being developed and refined to accommodate this problem, but currently busy study sites can find this accommodation challenging. 

A number of synchrotrons (including the National Synchrotron Light Source, New York, the Advanced Light Source, Berkley, and soon the Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon) operate mail-in crystallography services where a scientist can mail in crystals (prefrozen and mounted on loops) and data will be collected, processed (sometimes), and returned. This is becoming a method of choice, as it eliminates the need to travel to a synchrotron and speeds up the data collection procedure at the synchrotron also. 

Peak widths. The lineshapes and linewidths of peaks in a powder XRD pattern depend on the crystallinity of the sample, as well as features of the instrumentation and the data collection procedure. In particular, peaks in the powder XRD pattern may be broadened as a consequence of small crystallite size. If the powder XRD patterns of two samples with the same crystal structure have significantly different linewidths, the visual appearance may differ substantially, especially in regions of significant peak overlap. 

Responsibilities and data collection procedures Test procedures, specific acceptance criteria Documentation procedures Summary and deviation report... 

The statistical uncertainty arising from the analytical measurement is derived from the automatic data collection procedure noted before. The AGAS computer performs a standard error analysis and produces both a mean and the standard error of the mean associated with that value. A computer program is used to combine the uncertainties from the primary gravimetric process with the uncertainties produced from the standard deviation of the instrument s response for each of the gas mixtures. 

In this section, we indicate the general factors that an experimentalist should consider while setting up a cation-mediated equilibrium RNA folding experiment, provide a stepwise protocol for sample preparation and outline the data collection procedure using the absorption optics of the analytical ultracentrifuge. 

Figure H.4. The crystals are manipulated by scooping them up with a small loop of nylon that is glued to the end of a pin. Surface tension firom the liquid will hold the crystal in the loop, but the crystal can also be held by using a loop that is smaller in size than the crystal of interest. This technique will work particularly well with fragile crystals, thin plates for example, that would normally fall apart in a capillary mount. Once the crystal is frozen, it is placed on an axis in line of both an X-ray source and a stream of nitrogen set to about 100,000to keep the crystal frozen. The crystal is rotated in increments during the data collection procedure to collect a full data set (typically one or two degrees per frame, depending on the resolution limits, mosaicity of the crystal, unit cell lengths, etc.).

The data collection procedure for negative-ion mass spectrometers is very similar to that for the ECD. The ion signals are directly proportional to the concentration. The molar response will be the integrated area divided by the number of moles in the gas phase. The number of moles will cause a problem because the exact concentration in the gas phase is not easily measured in a GC/MS. Consequently, the response to a given compound with a known molar response is used to calibrate the detector. The procedures will be the same as for the ECD described earlier. Table 5.3 provides data for SF6, nitrobenzene, and m-dinitrobenzene determined... 

Parts 58.120 and 58.130 address the protocol and conduct of the nonclinical laboratory study. The FDA judges whether or not the facility s protocol is generated, approved, changed, or revised in conformance with the GLPs. The overall test system monitoring, specimen labeling, and data collection procedures must be described for the EIR. 

In the case of laboratory error or sample error, as defined by the Barr decision, there should be a formal mechanism for investigating these results. This investigation procedure should be defined in an SOP. This procedure can also be used to investigate out-of-trend results that look suspicious but are not OOS. This procedure should have the ability to evaluate the data collection procedures and, in the case of an error, identify the cause or likely cause of the error. The results of the investigation can be documented and included as a formal record in the stability study. It should prevent the studies from being... 

Reflection data can be checked for completeness when made available to the PLATON validation software as an FCF file along with the CIF file. Inadequate data collection procedures may result in an incomplete survey of the reciprocal lattice. Data collection on a CCD or image-plate based diffractometer may require more than one scan in order to avoid a cusp of missing data. ... 

In this study, we used qualitative approaches by triangulating the data collection procedure. Our philosophical position was to approach issues without a priori notion to the extent that we could identify emerging issues. Therefore, we used grounded theory methodology that allows the researcher to study a phenomenon without a set framework but instead lets us see that specific issues emerge (Kezar... 

The data collection provides the basis for reliability estimations. Thus, a good data collection procedure is crucial to ensure that the reliability estimate is trustworthy. A prediction is never better than the data on which it is based. Thus, it is important to ensure the quality of the data collection. Quality of data collection involves ... 

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The data collection procedure by e-nose is described in Sect. 2. Section 3 describes the three feature selection methods and SVM classifier is described in Sect. 4. Sections 5 and 6 together describe the proposed combinatorial feature selection technique along with experimental results and associated discussions. Finally Sect. 7 concludes the work. 

Reliability Demonstrating that the operations of a study, such as the data collection procedures can be repeated with the same results. 

External validity establishing the domain to which a smdy s findings can be generalized, and (4) Reliability demonstrating that the operations of a study—such as the data collection procedures, can be repeated and would achieve the same results. 

The criteria used to determine the choice of level of assessment and strategies to be utilized are based on the previous discussion in this chapter of conditions under which potential adverse effects of a new ingredient added to infant formula might have been missed in preclinical or clinical trials. Regardless of the level that is chosen, it is expected that systematic data collection procedures (level I assessment) or systematic review procedures (level 2 assessment) will ensure that in-market monitoring information will be assessed for each area of function reviewed in Chapter 6. 

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