Coeliac

Acute pancreatitis has been induced in dogs by retrograde intraductal injections of 5% hydrogen peroxide solution and sunflower oil (Keleman and Torok, 1990) and in rats by continuous infusion of xanthine/XO or hydrogen peroxide into the coeliac artery (Tamura et al., 1991a). Xanthine/XO has also been shown to be toxic, as measured by release of LDH, to in vitro rat pancreatic acini (Tamura et al., 1991b). 

Ward, K.P., Arthur, J.R., Russell, G. and Aggett, P.J. (1984). Blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in children with cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma and epilepsy. Eur. J. Paediatr. 142, 21-24. 

The NO donor, C87-3754, reportedly attenuates the injury induced in cats by splanchnic artery occlusion of the coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric... 

Anderson CM, Langford RF Bacterial content of small intestine of children in health, in coeliac disease, and in fibrocystic disease of pancreas. BrMedJ 1958 i 803-806. 

Coeliac disease, which is an allergy to gluten (specifically the gliadin fraction), is a cell-mediated food allergy. 

Symptoms of coeliac disease are diarrhoea, bloating, weight loss, anaemia, bone pain, chronic fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps as well as failure to gain weight and growth retardation in children. 

Bread made from rice but free of wheat has a low content of sodium, protein, fat and fibre. This makes rice bread suitable for those who suffer from inflamed kidneys, hypertension and coeliac disease subject to medical advice. 

The main aim of these products is to produce a bread that can be eaten by those suffering from an allergy to gluten. This disease is known as coeliac disease. An estimated 1% of the British population suffer from coeliac disease, with only around one fifth being diagnosed. 

There are also those who believe that they have an intolerance to gluten, i.e. a problem with digesting gluten, but without the full immune response to gluten found in coeliac disease. Coeliac disease is found in all age groups but its occurrence is greatest in the elderly. 

In either coeliac disease or gluten intolerance there is a need for products that do not contain gluten. In the case of special dietary needs the ordinary food laws are set aside. This is of course an entirely logical position to take. 

In the case of bread for coeliacs all possibilities of contamination by wheat products, even at a trace level has to avoided. There is also the problem of getting the loaf to rise in the absence of gluten. 

Another special dietary area is the production of gluten-free bread for those who suffer from coeliac disease. As this is a problem of old age and the population is ageing, demand for this sort of product is increasing. 

A4. Alvey, C., Anderson, C. M., and Freeman, M., Wheat gluten and coeliac disease. Arch. Diseases Childhood 32, 434-437 (1957). 

A13. Astley, R., and French, J. M., The small intestine pattern in normal children and in coeliac disease its relationship to the nature of the opaque medium. Brit. J. Radiol. 24, 321 (1951). 

B19. Breton, A., Vandendorp, F., and Dubois, O., Pathogenic effect of gluten in coeliac disease an enzyme deficiency or an allergic reaction P4diatrie 14, 5-20... 

C5. Chaptal, J., Jean, R., Dossa, D., Bonnet, H., Paulet, A. Crastes de, and Navarro, M, Coeliac disease with intolerance of the gliadin of wheat and oats and of milk products. P6diatrie 12, 737-747 (1957). 

D5. Dicke, W. K., Weijers, H. A., and van de Kamer, J. H., Coeliac disease. II, The presence in wheat of a factor having a deleterious effect in cases of coeliac disease. Acta Paediat. 42, 34 (1953). 

F14. Frazer, A. C., Disordered gastro-intestinal function and its relationship to tropical sprue, coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea. Trans. Boy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 46, 576 (1952). 

F22. Frazer, A. C., Causal and consequential factors in small intestinal incompetence, with particular reference to coeliac disease. Ann. Paediat. 197, 368-82 (1961). 

K5. Krainick, H. G., Injurious effects of wheat flour and the problem of coeliac disease. Deut. med. Wochschr. 83, 1607-1610 (1958). 

K7. Krainick, H. G., Mohn, G., and Fischer, H. H., Further studies of the toxicity of wheat flour in coeliac disease. Helv. Paediat. Acta 14, 124-141 (1959). 

K9. Kunstadter, R. H., and Schultz, A., Gastrointestinal allergy and the coeliac syndrome, with particular reference to allergy of cows milk. Ann. Allergy 11, 426-434 (1953). 

Mil. Moulton, A. L., The place of oats in the coeliac diet. Arch. Disease Childhood 34, 51-55 (1959). 

Shiner, M., Coeliac disease histopathological findings in the small intestinal mucosa studied by a peroral biopsy technique. Gut 1, 48-54 (1960). 

Tl. Taylor, K. B., Thomson, D. L., Truelove, S. C., and Wright, R., An immunological study of coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea. Serological reactions to gluten and milk proteins. Brit. Med. J. II, 1727-1731 (1961). 

V7. Visakorpi, J. K., Gliadin tolerance test its applicability to the determination of gliadin sensitivity in coeliac patients. Ann. Paediat. Fenniae 5, 67-73 (1959). 

---