Glutathione peroxidase activity

There is very little evidence relating to the role of ROMs in cholestatic liver disease. Serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity are decreased in humans with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (Kauppila et al., 1987). Low levels of vitamin E have been reported in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and in children with Alagille s syndrome or biliary atresia (Knight et al., 1986 Jeffrey etal., 1987 Lemonnier etal., 1987 Babin etal., 1988 Kaplan et al., 1988 Sokol etal., 1989). Serum levels of Mn-SOD are increased in patients with all stages of primary biliary cirrhosis compared with patients with other forms of chronic liver disease, although whether this causes or results from the disease process is unclear (Ono etal., 1991). 

Kauppila, A., Korpela, H., Makila, U-M. and Yrjanheikki, E. (1987). Low serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Br. Med. J. 294, 150-152. 

Kaji, H., Kurasaki, M., Ito, K., Saito, T., Saito, K., Niioka, T., Kojima, Y., Ohsaki, Y., Ide, H., Tsuji, M., Kondo, T. and Kawakami, Y. (1985). Increased lipoperoxide value and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic women. Klin. Wochenschr. 63, 765-8. 

Bibi, H., Schlesinger, M., Tabachnik, E., Schwartz, Y., Iscovitz, H. and laina, A. (1988). Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in asthmatic children. Ann. Allergy 61, 339-340. 

Malmgren, R., Unge, G. and Zetterstrom, O. (1986). Ix)wered glutathione peroxidase activity in asthmatic patients with food and aspirin intolerance. Allergy 41, 43-45. 

Ward, K.P., Arthur, J.R., Russell, G. and Aggett, P.J. (1984). Blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in children with cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma and epilepsy. Eur. J. Paediatr. 142, 21-24. 

Stohs, S.J., Hassan, M.Q. and Murray, W.J. (1984). Effects of a-tocopherol and retinol acetate on TCDD-mediated changes in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity and survival. Xenobiotica 14, 533-537. 

The importance of having adequate supplies of NADPH for the regeneration of these various enzymes cannot be over emphasized. In normal situations this cofactor can be adequately provided by the reductive pentose phosphate pathway. Monitoring the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway has been proposed as a unique way to study the metabolic response to oxidative stress, since the glutathione peroxidase activity is coupled via glutathione reductase to the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Ben Yoseph et ah, 1994). 

Vohra and Hui [352] showed that the pretreatment of cultured neutrons with taurine suppressed lipid peroxidation and the loss of glutathione peroxidase activity induced in these cells by carbon tetrachloride. 

Sanders et al. [133] found that although quercetin treatment of streptozotocin diabetic rats diminished oxidized glutathione in brain and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, this flavonoid enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation, decreased hepatic glutathione level, and increased renal and cardiac glutathione peroxidase activity. In authors opinion the partial prooxidant effect of quercetin questions the efficacy of quercetin therapy in diabetic patients. (Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of flavonoids are discussed in Chapter 29.) Administration of endothelin antagonist J-104132 to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats inhibited the enhanced endothelin-1-stimulated superoxide production [134]. Interleukin-10 preserved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice probably by reducing superoxide production by xanthine oxidase [135]. 

C. carpio 10 during exposure for 96 h, significant alterations were recorded in lipid peroxidation rate, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, that is, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities 20... 

Bai, M., Zhou, J. M., and Perrett, S. (2004). The yeast prion protein Ure2 shows glutathione peroxidase activity in both native and fibrillar forms. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 50025-50030. 

Oral or parenteral administration of mercuric chloride promotes lipid peroxidation [127-129], possibly via a reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity. However, several studies argue against lipid peroxidation being responsible, at least for the early hours of cell toxicity of mercury [130-133]. 

Numan IT, Hassan MQ, Stohs SJ. 1990a. Endrin-induced depletion of glutathione and inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity in rats. Gen Pharmac 21(5) 625-628. 

Rosenblat, M., and Aviram, M., 1998, Macrophage glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity are inversely related to ceU-mediated oxidation of LDL in vitro and in vivo studies, Free Radio. Biol. Med. 24 305-317. 

Coumarin administration in the diet (0.25-0.5%) of male Wistar rats and female ICR/Ha mice for two weeks induced glutathione peroxidase activity in the stomach (1.7-fold) and glutathione A-transferase in the liver (5.3-fold), respectively (Spamins... 

Schramm H, Robertson LW, Oesch F. 1985. Differential regulation of hepatic glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 34(20) 3735-3739. 

Hurst R, Bao Y, Jemth P, Mannervik B, Williamson G. 1998. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity of human glutathione transferases. Biochem J 332 97-100. 

Kish S. J., Morito C., and Hornykiewicz O. (1985). Glutathione peroxidase activity in Parkinson s disease brain. Neurosci. Lett. 58 343-346. 

Scavenging of free radicals associated with a significant enhancement in glutathione peroxidase activity... 

Also, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity has been shown to be reduced in selenium-deficient rats (C. Reddy, ( li). Selenium appears to inhibit both the initiation and promotion phases of carcinogenesis (Milner,... 

These results suggest that selenium is critical for glutathione peroxidase activity, but apparently functions in other ways as well to inhibit carcinogenesis. 

Glutathione-peroxidase activity was measured spectrophoto-metrically at 340nm by an enzyme coupled assay procedure of Paglia and Valentine (28) as modified by Reddy, et al. (26). A molar extinction coefficient of 6.2 x 103cm 1 was used in calculations. 

Table V. Effects of Vitamin E and/or Selenium Deficiency on Non-Se-Glutathione Peroxidase Activity...

Rat 28 d (AIpk/AP) 1x/d (GO) Hepatic 1000 (increased palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities) Elliot and Elcombe 1987 ... 

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