Immunological studies

Bacteria produce chromosomady and R-plasmid (resistance factor) mediated P-lactamases. The plasmid-mediated enzymes can cross interspecific and intergeneric boundaries. This transfer of resistance via plasmid transfer between strains and even species has enhanced the problems of P-lactam antibiotic resistance. Many species previously controded by P-lactam antibiotics are now resistant. The chromosomal P-lactamases are species specific, but can be broadly classified by substrate profile, sensitivity to inhibitors, analytical isoelectric focusing, immunological studies, and molecular weight deterrnination. Individual enzymes may inactivate primarily penicillins, cephalosporins, or both, and the substrate specificity predeterrnines the antibiotic resistance of the producing strain. Some P-lactamases are produced only in the presence of the P-lactam antibiotic (inducible) and others are produced continuously (constitutive). 

C. J. Straker, V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, S. Gianinazzi, J.-C. Cleyet-Marel, and N. Bou.squet, Electrophoretic and immunological studies on acid phosphatase from a mycorrhizal fungus of Erica hi.spidula L. New Phytol. 111 2 5 (1989). 

Goebel, W.F., Babers, F.H., and Avery, O.T. (1932) Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins VI. The synthesis of p-aminophenol alpha-glucoside and its coupling with protein. J. Exp. Med. 55(5), 761-767. 

Lucigenin is often used to facilitate the measurement of reactive oxygen species in immunological studies, because it enhances the cellular CL intensity [37], Both luminol and lucigenin can be used to measure reactive oxygen how-... 

Satoh, H. et al., Immunological studies on the mechanism of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity Immunohistochemical evidence of trifluoroacetylated hepatocytes, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 233, 857, 1985. 

Grammer, L.C., et al., A clinical and immunologic study of workers with trimellitic-an-hydride-induced immunologic lung disease after transfer to low exposure jobs, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 148, 54, 1993. 

Tl. Taylor, K. B., Thomson, D. L., Truelove, S. C., and Wright, R., An immunological study of coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea. Serological reactions to gluten and milk proteins. Brit. Med. J. II, 1727-1731 (1961). 

I.I.I. Comment. The anhaptoglobinemia frequently found at birth has been discussed by Fine et al. (FI), who conclude on the basis of immunological studies that Hp probably exists in cord blood, but has not got its definitive structure. Their experimental observations and suggestions are interesting, but owing to lack of quantitative data their interpretation is debatable. 

An intermediate oral MRL was not derived for phenol. The lowest LOAEL reported for an intermediate exposure was for a less serious effect reported in an immunological study (Hsieh et al. 1992). A significant decrease in red blood cells was seen in CD-I mice given phenol in drinking water for 4 weeks at a concentration of 4.7 mg/L (1.8 mg/kg/day). However, this was a single report similar effects have not been reported in humans except for mixed exposures where the presence of phenol was reported but may have been chlorophenol (Baj et al. 1994). 

A worker who had developed cutaneous sensitization also developed apparent asthma from inhalation of nickel sulfate immunologic studies showed circulating antibodies to the salt, and controlled exposure to a solution of nickel sulfate resulted in decreased pulmonary function and progressive dyspnea the possibility of hypersensitivity pneumonitis could not be excluded. ... 

Flaherty DK, Gross GJ, Winzenburger P, et al In vitro immunologic studies on a population of workers exposed to phthalic and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. J Occup Med 30 785-790, 1988... 

Dermal Effects. No studies were located regarding dermal effects in humans following inhalation exposure. However, contact dermatitis in persons exposed to nickel compounds is one of the most common effects of nickel exposure (see Section 2.2.3.2). In addition, immunological studies indicate that the dermatitis is an allergic response to nickel, and significant effects on the immune system have been noted in workers exposed to nickel (see Section 2.2.1.3). 

Smialowicz RJ, Rogers RR, Riddle MM, et al. 1986. Immunological studies in mice following in utero exposure to MCI2. Toxicology 38 293-303. 

Cocos nucifera pollen inducing allergy sensitivity test and immunological study. Indian J Exp Biol 1995 33(7) 489-496. 

Unlike small chemical molecules (MW < 1000), exogenous macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, when given repeatedly exhibit a high tendency to elicit immune responses in patients. It is well documented in classical immunological studies that poorly immunogenic haptens such as... 

Immunological studies are not yet widely used in the context of screening procedures, but they are becoming easier to perform [77]. Their use is rendered possible by the observation that at least a subset of the OXPHOS defects originates from, or results in, anomalies in complex assembly with increased protein degradation. As a result, a net decrease of the immunoreactive material can be used to trace some OXPHOS deficiencies. The large number of antibodies available makes this approach... 

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