Chlorinated paraffin wax

Chlorinated rubber is soluble in aromatic solvents, and paints made from it dry by solvent evaporation alone. In contrast to the vinyls, there is less difficulty in formulating systems that are suitable for brush application. It has excellent resistance to a wide range of chemicals and to water, but as it is extremely brittle it needs to be plasticised. To preserve chemical resistance it is necessary to use inert plasticisers such as chlorinated paraffin wax. Due to the presence of ozone depleting solvents, chlorinated rubber coatings are being phased out and largely replaced by vinyl acrylic coatings which have very similar performance and can be formulated from lower aromatic or aliphatic solvents. 

Examples of additives and polymer substrates which could react via [1) would be chlorinated paraffin waxes, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and poly(vinylchloride) or poly(vinylbromide). 

Before 1925, there were a few compounded oils made for special purposes, such as lubrication of marine engines and steam cylinders, but additives were not used in automotive crankcase oils. In the 1930 s, chemical compounds made by condensation of chlorinated paraffin wax with naphthalene were found to lower the pour points of oils. Pour depressants (9) apparently are adsorbed on small wax crystals which separate from oils when they are chilled. The protective adsorbed layer of additive prevents the normal interlacing of larger wax crystals which forms a gel. In 1934 polymerized unsaturated hydrocarbons first came into large scale commercial use to lower the temperature coefficient of viscosity of oils. Other compounds for increasing the viscosity index of oils have since become common. 

The variety of substances used as additives in polymers is considerable. For example, the fillers may include china clay, various forms of calcium carbonate, talc, silicas (diatomaceous silica), silicates, carbon black, etc. The impact modifiers typically include other polymers. Plasticizers include certain polymers with low (oligomers), dialkyl phthalates, dialkyl sebacates, chlorinated paraffin waxes, liquid paraffinic fractions, oil extracts, etc. Heat stabilizers include heavy metals salts such as basic lead carbonate, basic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite (also acting as a light stabilizer), dibasic lead phthalate, stearates, ricinoleates, palmitates and octanoates of cadmium and barium, epoxide resins and oils, amines, diphenylurea, 2-phenylindole, aminocrotonates. The antioxidants include tris-nonyl phenyl phosphite, 2,6-di-ferf-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), octadecyl-3,5-di-terf-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, etc. The UV stabilizers include modified benzophenones and benzotriazoles. Processing lubricants include calcium stearate, stearic acid, lead stearate, various wax derivatives, glyceryl esters and long-chain acids. Fire retardants include antimony oxide, some pyrophosphates, etc. 

Some chlorine-containing organic compounds are viscous, oily liquids which may be utilized as lubricants, either alone or admixed with petroleum oils. Typical materials of this type are chlorodiphenyls, chloronaphthalenes, and chlorinated paraffin wax 205). 

Synthesis of Lubricating Oils by Condensation Reactions The Condensation of Chlorinated Paraffin Wax with Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 

Water repellancy Chlorinated paraffin waxes, fluorocarbons, silicone emulsions... 

Prutton, Turnbull and Dlouhy [36] studied the chlorine balance in the thermal decomposition of oil solutions of chlorinated additives in the presence and the absence of iron powder. A summary of their results is shown in Table 11-10. The effect of iron in promoting the loss of chlorine from chlorinated paraffin wax is evident at both 473 K and 523 K, the reaction being more pronounced at 523 K. On the other hand, iron has no influence on the decomposition of chlorine tightly bound to the... 

TSCA 40CFR716.120.cl0 chlorinated paraffins-chlorinated paraffin oils and chlorinated paraffin waxes, with chlorine content of 35% through 70% by weight T120-C10... 

In the formulation of PVC compounds it is not uncommon to replace some of the plasticizer with an extender, a material that is not in itself a plasticizer because of its very low compatibility but that can be used in conjunction with a true plasticizer. Commercial extenders are cheaper than plasticizers and can often be used to replace up to one-third of the plasticizer without seriously affecting the properties of the compound. Three commonly employed types of extenders are chlorinated paraffin waxes, chlorinated liquid paraffinic fractions, and oil extracts [14]. 

Provided that the solvent/oil mixture has not been contaminated with high-boiling chlorine compoimds it should be possible to use the residue from recovery as a fuel. However, trichloroethylene is very effective for cleaning chlorinated paraffin waxes from equipment and the chances of ending up with a residue containing too much chlorine to burn in anything but a chemical incinerator are appreciable. 

Table 3.13 CHLOROWAX Liquid Chlorinated Paraffins, Waxes, and Alpha Olefins (27)... 

Paraffins (petroleum), normal C5-20. See Paraffins, normal C5-20 Paraffinum liquidum. See Mineral oil Paraffin Wax 120/127, Paraffin Wax 130/135] Paraffin Wax 138/140] Paraffin Wax SP173] Paraffin Wax SP 192] Paraffin Wax SP 206] Paraffin Wax SP 227B] Paraffin Wax SP 434] Paraffin Wax SP 673] Paraffin Wax SP 674] Paraffin Wax SP 1275] Paraffin wax Paraffin waxes. See Paraffin Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated. See Paraffin, chlorinated Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated (Cl2, 60% chlorine). See Chlorinated paraffins (C12, 60% chlorine) Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chlorinated (C23, 43% chlorine). See Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, microcrystalline. See Microcrystalline wax Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, microcrystalline, hydrotreated. See Hydrogenated microcrystalline wax Paraffin wax fume. See Paraffin Parafiini A1] Parafiini A2] Parafiint A3] Parafiint A6] Parafiini A14] Parafiini A28] Parafiini APS, Parafiint C8S, Parafiini ... 

Without additives With following additives pencil-grade graphite chlorinated paraffin wax copper oxide aluminum powder water glass talc... 

Chlorinated paraffin wax n. Ordinary paraffin wax can be chlorinated, under certain conditions, to yield products which no longer resemble the parent wax, but which have assumed definite resinous characteristics. The amount of chlorine present determines the physical properties of the resultant waxes. These with smaller amounts of chlorine are liquids, whereas those with about 70% chlorine are brittle resins. Their applications are in fire-retarding compositions and as plasticizers. 

Alnminnm hydroxide (also known as alumina trihydrate) Bromine-containing flame retardant Chlorinated paraffin wax Decabromodiphenyl oxide... 

The term chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes refers to those waxes that are commonly called chlorinated waxes, such as chlorinated paraffin waxes. These waxes typically contain about 30-70 wt% of chlorine. 

Epoxidized oils, such as soybean or linseed are used to help long-term stabihty and to act as a softening agent (secondary plasticizer). Other plasticizing extenders, such as chlorinated paraffin wax are used to improve fire resistance. 

---