Chemical substances identification

The CAS Chemical Registry System is a computer-based system that uniquely identifies chemical substances on the basis of their molecular structures. Begun originally in 1965 to support indexing for Chemical Abstracts, the Registry System now serves not only as a support system for identifying substances within CAS operations but also as an international resource for chemical substance identification by scientists, industry, and regulatory bodies. 

Briefly, the provisions of the early OSHA 1980 draft proposed standard for Chemical Substance Identification applied to all hazardous or toxic substances and mixtures which are ... 

At that time, OSHA stated the belief that this Chemical Substance Identification Standard, when promulgated, will definitely aid in the protection of the health and safety of all workers routinely exposed to toxic and hazardous substances in the workplace. ... 

It is highly recognized that the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FllK) for chemical substances identification it is not a trivial task to be fulfilled by analytical chemists. The complexity of FTIR characterization comes mainly from the high degree of infrared absorption bands overlapping, that are difficult to be accurately ascribed, despite of the fact that up to date computer-searchable databases of spectra are currently available. 

Thus, if the user wants to look for literature including requested chemicals or reactions, it is possible to query the database by the first option Chemical Substance or Reaction , The compound can be entered as a query in three different ways drawing the chemical structure in a molecule editor (Chemical Structure) searching by names or identification number, such as the CAS Number (Structure Identifier) and searching by molecular formula (Figure 5-12). 

A significant advantage of the PLM is in the differentiation and recognition of various forms of the same chemical substance polymorphic forms, eg, brookite, mtile, and anatase, three forms of titanium dioxide calcite, aragonite and vaterite, all forms of calcium carbonate Eorms I, II, III, and IV of HMX (a high explosive), etc. This is an important appHcation because most elements and compounds possess different crystal forms with very different physical properties. PLM is the only instmment mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the detection and identification of the six forms of asbestos (qv) and other fibers in bulk samples. 

Vinyl chloride is Hsted as "ethene, chloro-" on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory and on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL). It is Hsted as "chloroethylene" on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS), bearing the identification number 2008 310 (149). 

Contains information on industrial location, storage, and release to air, water, and land of SARA Section 313 chemicals. Data is divided into the following categories facility identification, substance identification, environmental release of chemical, waste treatment, and off-site waste transfer. 

Provides toxicology data for more than 130,000 chemicals in four categories substance identification ... 

Professor Martel s book addresses specifically some of the more technical eispects of the risk assessment process, mainly in the areas of hazard identification, and of the consequence/effect analysis elements, of the overall analysis whilst where appropriate setting these aspects in the wider context. The book brings together a substantial corpus of information, drawn from a number of sources, about the toxic, flammable and explosive properties and effect (ie harm) characteristics of a wide range of chemical substances likely to be found in industry eind in the laboratory, and also addresses a spectrum of dangerous reactions of, or between, such substances which may be encountered. This approach follows the classical methodology and procedures of hazard identification, analysing material properties eind... 

ChemIDplus. Published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, ChemIDplus [62] is a web-based search system, http //chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/ chemidplus/, that provides free access to structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases. ChemIDplus also provides structure searching and direct links to biomedical resources at NLM and on the Internet. The database contains over 349,000 chemical records, over 56,000 of which include chemical structures, and is searchable by name, synonym, CAS registry number, molecular formula, classification code, locator code, and structure. 

The identification of chemical substances by examination of their spectra (singular, spectrum). Both infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy are used in the study of rubber problems such as identifying the type of polymer or the nature of a contaminant. 

The European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) is published pursuant to Commission Decision. It consists of all chemical substances notified within the European Community between 18/9/81 and 30/6/92. Each entry in the list corresponding to a chemical substance has an EEC number and dossier number, identification by tradename and/or chemical name, a classification and name... 

Hazard Identification. Does a chemical substance or mixture cause adverse human health effects, such as cancer, birth defects, neurological damage, etc While It would be useful to have an unequivocal positive or negative answer to this question, that Is rarely possible. The usual situation Is that similarity to... 

One particular area of this response is the management of information required by TSCA. Monsanto Company s C. Elmer and J.R. Condray itemized these requirements, and reviewed the status and implications of each. Some unanticipated benefits derived from the mandated burden were emphasized. EPA s requirements for information are not yet complete further growth is expected. While EPA s Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN) is recognized as valid in concept, there is concern that its scope may be expanding that originally envisioned for information submitted to EPA under TSCA. In addition, attention must be given to the identification and maintenance of the reliability level of the information reported, stored and extracted for use under TSCA. 

Modem toxicology has its roots in the occupational environment. The earliest recorded observations relating exposure to chemical substances and toxic manifestations were made about workers. These include Agricola s identification of the diseases of miners and Pott s investigation of scrotal cancer incidence among chimney sweeps. Occupational toxicology, as its name implies, concerns itself with the toxicological implications of exposure to chemicals in the work environment. 

EPA. 1984b. Identification of specific chemical substance and mixture testing requirements. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 799.5055. 

A program is necessary for identifying all materials in the workplace, and making employees aware of the hazards of these materials and the necessary precautions to be taken to prevent or control personnel exposure. Materials Hazard Identification and information gathering is an essential element of fire prevention. The hazardous properties of all chemical substances used in the workplace should be known in order to develop the appropriate design, routine handling practices, and fire prevention plan. 

The CHEMINDEX database contains information on over 200 000 chemicals the record contains identification information on a unique chemical substance, including chemical names and synonyms, the CAS registry number, and a list of the CCINFO databases containing information on that substance. 

Saltpeter plus charcoal yields an alkali salt which hath a taste like that of the Salt of Tartar [potassium carbonate], and they differ but little in virtue.He does not say they are identical, though they would both be impure potassium carbonate. There simply did not exist at this time a clear conception of the idea of chemical substance, defined by material composition. The chief means of identifying an artificially prepared body was by its method of preparation. The inevitable presence of impurities made precise identification by explicit properties uncertain in any case, and here Lemery exhibits proper caution in indicating only the similarity rather than the identity of salt of tartar and the product of charcoal in molten saltpeter. 

Committee of Experts has been allocated a unique four-digit number, called the Substance UN Number (or simply the UN Number). Thus a hazardous substance can be distinctly identified by the Substance UN Number (also called the Substance Identification Number or SIN). UN Serial number 0001 to 1000 are reserved for Class 1 items, that is, explosives and ammunition. The nine classes of dangerous goods and hazardous chemicals with a distinctive diamond shaped label bearing a pictorial diagram for quick hazard recognition are ... 

Because drug selectivity is based on the fact that different pathways use different transmitters, a primary goal of neuropharmacologists is to identify the transmitters in CNS pathways. Establishing that a chemical substance is a transmitter has been far more difficult for central synapses than for peripheral synapses. The following criteria have been established for transmitter identification. 

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