Product certification

ISO-9000 certification ISO-9000 and lSO-9004 are guidelines that interpret the requirements of the three main standards—ISO-9001 (the quality system in design and development), ISO-9002 (the quality system for quality assurance in production and installation), and ISO-9003 (the quality system for quality assurance in final inspection and testing). These three standards define the quality-system requirements for firms with a varying scope of business requirements. See design verification fabricating, world-class processor certification productivity quality system test certification testing and quality control transducer calibration. 

Fig. 11.1 provides a simple illustration of the role the Design Organisation plays in through life safety of their type-certificated products. The following subsections will explore some of these interfaces and how the flow of hazard information finds its way into the ICA. 

A certificated product simply means the product is in compliance with the regulatory requirements effective at the time when the product is certificated. The certification requirements of the same product can change many times during the life cycle of the product. The certification requirements for reverse engineering many years after this product has been introduced... 

FAGCI has the equipment for mass production of computer-synthesized holograms The technology of computer-synthesized holograms is widely used in Russia for protection of precious, authentic, and important documents, such as passports, securities, licenses, certificates, identification cards, etc. 

The use of these techniques is an important element of industrial policy since they contribute to the creation of a business friendly regulatory environment allowing the combination of measures taken for internal organisational reasons and obligations of certification without lowering the level of safety to be achieved. Wlienever possible a choice between product control and quality assurance procedures is offered to manufacturers. 

As a general rule all products covered by the New Approach directives must bear the CE-marking which symbolises conformity of the products to the requirements of the directive including the relevant certification procedures. The main principles which are basic to the application of the CE-marking can be summarised as follows ... 

Until 1990 the EPA maintained a Hst of chemicals suitable for potable water treatment ia the United States. Siace then the entire question of certification and standards has been turned over to a group of organi2ations headed by the National Sanitation Eoundation, which has issued voluntary standards. As of January 1992, standards had been issued for most of the principal inorganic products, but only for two polymers, poly(DADMAC) and Epi-DMA (epichl orohydrin dimethyl amine) polymers (78). Certifications for commercial products meeting specified standards are issued by the National Sanitation Eoundation, Underwriter Laboratories, and Risk Eocus/Versar (79). 

CPSC Certified Products Directory, Safety Glazing Certification Council, Hialeah, Fla., 1980. 

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Polyalurninum chloride products used in the treatment of potable (drinking) water must be approved by the National Sanitation Eoundation (NSE). NSE certification has superseded EPA approval. Aluminum chlorohydrate for topical use as an antiperspirant is regulated by PDA. 

A significant source of concern for potential users of recycled petroleum products has been the lack of specifications or certifications related to the quaUty of the material and the consistency in producing oil of high quaUty. This perception of possible inferiority has been exacerbated by the reluctance of some equipment manufacturers to state whether they would honor warranties if recycled lubricants were used. 

Bacitracin. Bacitracin, a cycHc peptide active against gram-positive bacteria, was discovered in 1943. Bacitracin received dmg certification in 1949 (60—62). Whereas human usage of bacitracin is almost exclusively topical, the vast majority of bacitracin manufactured worldwide is used as an animal feed additive. Reviews of work on bacitracin include its chemistry (63—67), comprehensive aspects (62), medical aspects (62,68), biosynthesis on large enzyme complexes and genetics (69—71), and production (71,72). 

The terms FD C, D C, and External D C (Ext. D C), which are part of the name of colorants, reflect the FDA s colorant certification. FD C dyes may be used for foods, dmgs, and cosmetics D C dyes are allowed in dmgs and cosmetics and Ext. D C dyes are permitted only in topical products. Straight colorants include both the organic dyes and corresponding lakes, made by extending the colorant on a substrate such as aluminum hydroxide or barium sulfate. The pure dye content of these lakes varies from 2 to 80% the organic dyes contain over 80% pure dye. Colorants certified for cosmetic use may not contain more than 0.002% of lead, not more than 0.0002% of arsenic, and not more than 0.003% of heavy metals other than lead and arsenic. 

A primary responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the enforcement of the Federal Food, Dmg, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and its various amendments, eg. May, 1976, in which dental materials, instmments, and equipment are included. Premarketing clearance requirements apply for estabhshing the safety and effectiveness of new products. There is a close Haison between the FDA and the ADA standards and certification programs. 

Should the toller or their client be responsible for final product qualification (that is, certificates of analysis)... 

With objects requiring long-term (up to 30 years) protection and/or large amounts of anode material, a particular alloy is occasionally specified whose properties are strictly controlled in production. A test certificate indicating the type of anode material is usually required (e.g.. Ref. 33). 

Discuss the relative merits of the prototype testing of automotive vehicles for certification and of certification based on production line testing of each vehicle produced. 

---