Main Standards

The main standards for comfortable thermal environment are ISO EN 7730 and ASHRAE 55-92. The research that forms the basis for these two standards is mainly performed under environmental conditions similar to those for commercial and residential buildings, with activity levels of 1 to 2 met, normal indoor clothing (0.5 to 1.0 do), and a limited range of environmental parameters. 

Stamm-, parent, original, primary, main, standard. stock, -aktie, /, share of common stock, -ansatz, m. (Dyeing) stock liquor, stock mixture, stock paste. -Mtze, /. (Calico) standard discharge, stock discharge, -baum, m, flow sheet pedigree. 

Two main standards were developed, one for the sweeteners showing UV absorption, i.e. acesulfame, aspartame and saccharin,36 and a separate standard for cyclamate37 which does not show a substantial UV absorption. Both standards use HPLC and propose specific sample preparation procedures. HPLC is also the suitable technique for the quantitative determination of sucralose.38... 

A number of documents are very important for laboratories. Their utilisation may vary depending on the specific tasks of the laboratory they are mainly standards/guides of wide acceptance e.g. from ISO, CEN,... 

Custom and toll manufacturing account for the majority of business between fine-chemical and life science industries. The specialty chemicals industry outside life sciences sources mainly standard products. 

The ISO/IEC 17025 standard (ISO/IEC 2005) has the title General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories and is the main standard to which analytical chemical laboratories are accredited. The word calibration in the title arises from the use of the standard to accredit bodies that calibrate instruments such as balances, electrical equipment, and utility meters. It must also be stressed that the standard is not written for analytical chemists, but for any measurement scientists. Therefore, the terminology tends to be general, and the emphasis is sometimes not clear for the chemist. However, the standard is wide ranging and covers a whole community of measurement scientists. 

Within the last decade, quality management of laboratories has become globally accepted and organised. Laboratory managers have at their disposal a series of standards produced by ISO or CEN, which guarantee that their organisational aspects are recognised abroad. The main standards have been described above others have been... 

The rate of digital data transfer in a telephone network depends on the network quality analogue networks provide data rates up to 56 kilobits per second (kbps), while digital networks (ISDN) allow data transfer of hundreds of kilobits per second. The main standards for digital data transfer (through a modem) in telephone networks are RS-232C. 

Previous workers studying fluid inclusions in saddle dolomite used mainly standard microthermometric heating-cooling methods. They reported Th values and, less commonly, salinity estimates and major cation ratios. More sophisticated techniques, such as direct analysis of the major cations. 

Table I. Mainly standard data requirements for groups of non-target organisms according to Annex II and III of Directive 91/414/EEC (a.i. - active ingredient).

Listed below are the abbreviated notations of the main standards and the values of their chemical shifts (ppm) which were accepted by most workers in determining the position of signals in the PMR spectra of arenium ion salts ... 

ISO-9000 certification ISO-9000 and lSO-9004 are guidelines that interpret the requirements of the three main standards—ISO-9001 (the quality system in design and development), ISO-9002 (the quality system for quality assurance in production and installation), and ISO-9003 (the quality system for quality assurance in final inspection and testing). These three standards define the quality-system requirements for firms with a varying scope of business requirements. See design verification fabricating, world-class processor certification productivity quality system test certification testing and quality control transducer calibration. 

The analytical methods for the characterization of raw materials and reaction products are given in Table 3. They are mainly standardized methods and most of them are classical. Determinations of polymer content and hydroxyl values were performed to control side reactions such as dimerization and diol formation. 

In recent years, concrete-polymer composites have widely been used in the construction industry in the world, and standardization work on the test methods, quality requirements and execution procedures for them has progressed in the advanced countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom. The international and national standards for the concrete-polymer composites, and the standards, recommendations, guides and standard specifications for them by various academic institutions have been published till now. An international academic organization, RILEM issued 31 test methods for the concrete-polymer composites as RILEM Recommendations in 1995. Table 1 lists the main standards, recommendations, guides and standard specification for the concrete-polymer composites. 

Table 1 Main standards, recommendations, guides and standard specification for concrete-...

The principle of diversity has been thoroughly applied to the three servo controllers and motors, including the transmission of the torque to the steering column. This includes sufficiently different servo controllers, motors and transmission so that mainly standard components could be used. 

Alloy composition Alloy type Tensile Yield Density Young s Main Standard... 

There are essentially two main standards that are commonly used in design and operation of flexible risers ISO 13628-2 and API 17J. These standards offer valuable information regarding the design, test and inspection of risers. As an example, ISO 13628-2 illustrates the riser design criteria. Table 5 of the same publication outlines the load combination to be used for riser design. 

PCT is a very easy-to-use imaging technique to assess brain perfusion. Its main application is the evaluation of stroke patients, but clinical applications are quickly expanding to include assessment of patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases, vasospasm, head trauma, and brain tumors. Several limitations, including mainly standardization and automation of the processing, remain to be addressed, hopefully in a close future. 

Principles of main standards related to composting and biodegradability testing... 

PRINCIPLES OF MAIN STANDARDS RELATED TO COMPOSTING AND BIODEGRADABILITY TESTING... 

In order to facilitate the comparison of 6 N values referenced to a given secondary standard such as NH Cl, with data presented with respect to another secondary standard, say NO NH (saturated in H2O), we have given the relevant conversion factors in columns 6 of Tables 4.1 and 4.2. Also listed in these Tables are the values of the magnetic susceptibilities of the main standards taken from Ref. W 22. However, it should be emphasized that, owing to the imperfect shape of most coaxial cells, the corrections computed using Eqs. (4.2) and (4.3) give an estimate rather than an accurate determination of susceptibility effects. 

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