Mouse strains

A/J A Jackson inbred mouse strain ALP Anti-leukoprotease ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate also known as adenosine 3, 5 -phosphate AM Alveolar macrophage AML Acute myelogenous leukaemia AMP Adenosine monophosphate AMVN 2,2 -azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)... 

Plendl J. and Schmahl W. (1988). Dolichos biflorus agglutinin a marker of the developing olfactory system in a NMRI-mouse strain. Anat Embryol 177, 439-444. 

There is good evidence, for a number of helminth species, that different parasite lines vary in their infection characteristics in hosts, much of which is reviewed by Read and Viney (1996). For example, different isolates of Trichinella spiralis vary in the kinetics of their primary infection in the same mouse strain. Crucially, these differences are removed when mice are immunosuppressed (Bolas-Fernandez and Wakelin, 1989). Analogous observations have been made for Trichuris muris in mice. Different isolates differed in the kinetics of infection and expulsion. However, in immunosuppressed mice, all isolates had similar fecundity (Bellaby et al., 1995). Combined, these observations show immune-dependent variation between parasite lines in their infection kinetics. 

The in vivo manipulation of specific type 2 cytokines using anticytokine monoclonal antibodies, or mouse strains with targeted deletions in cytokine and/or cytokine receptor genes, has proved a fruitful approach in identifying the importance of individual cytokines and the responses that they control in contributing to host resistance. These studies have identified important roles for IL-4, IL-9 and IL-13 in host protection against nematode infection, though the relative importance of each cytokine appears to be nematode-species dependent. 

Mast cells may be important in resistance to primary H. polygyms infection. Although primary infection in most mouse strains is chronic, some strains do eventually clear infection, with the production of IL-3 and IL-9, and the development of intestinal mastocytosis coincident with worm expulsion (Behnke el al., 1993 Wahid el al., 1994). Indeed, coinfection studies with H. polygyrus and T. spiralis have identified the ability of H. polygyms to selectively down-regulate mast cell responses (Dehlawi et al., 1987). 

T cell and cytokine regulation of enterocyte apoptosis may also be important in the expulsion of nematodes, in particular T. spiralis and T. muris, which inhabit an intracellular niche. Certainly an increase in the number of apoptotic cells within the epithelium is observed around the period of expulsion of T. muris in resistant mouse strains (D. Artis, C.S. Potten and R.K. Grencis, unpublished). Apoptosis of host enterocytes may dislodge the nematode or perhaps expose vital feeding organs to immune attack, and so enhance expulsion. Whether enterocyte apoptosis results from the burrowing action of the worms or a tissue repair mechanism, or is involved in expulsion, remains to be investigated. 

Mouse strain Expulsion of intestinal stage Intestinal pathology Number of muscle larvae establishing... 

Keymer, A.E. and Tarlton, A.B. (1991) The population dynamics of acquired immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the laboratory mouse strain, diet and exposure. Parasitology 103 Pt 1, 121-126. 

Xu Y, Demarest K, Hitzemann R, Sike-la J. Gene coding variant in Casl between the C57BC/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains Linkage to a QTL for ethanol-induced locomotor activation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001, in press. Foroud T, Li T-K. Genetics of alcoholism. A review of recent studies in human and animal models. Am J Addict 1999 8 261-278. 

Hatchell PC, Collins AC. The influence of genotype and sex on behavioural sensitivity to nicotine in mice. Psychopharmacology 1980 71(1) 45—49. Robinson SF, Marks MJ, Collins AC. Inbred mouse strains vary in oral self-selection of nicotine. Psychopharmacology 1996 124(4) 332—339. 

Reed, D. R. et al. Polymorphisms in the taste receptor gene (Taslr3) region are associated with saccharin preference in 30 mouse strains. /. Neurosci. 24 938-946, 2004. 

Mullick, A. et al., Dysregulated inflammatory response to Candida albicans in a C5-deficient mouse strain, Infect. Immun., 72, 5868, 2004. 

Mudzinski, S.P. et al., Analysis of lead effects on in vivo antibody-mediated immunity in several mouse strains, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 83, 321, 1986. 

Hudson, C.A. et al., Susceptibility of lupus-prone NZM mouse strains to lead exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 66, 895, 2003. 

Robinson and colleagues [57] compared 16 different MHC-defined mouse strains in a single study for induction of ANA by HgCl2 (subcutaneously, detected after 0.5 to 2 months), gold salts (intramuscularly, detected after 1 to 5 months) and D-penicillamine (orally, detected after 4.5 to 5 months) and have reported that A.SW mice were high responders to all three chemicals. 

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