Intravenous bags

Plastics have made many major contributions to the contemporary scene. Health-care professionals depend on plastics for everything from intravenous bags to wheelchairs, disposable labware to silicone body parts, etc. The diversity of plastics allows them to serve in many ways, improving and prolonging lives, such as a braided, corrugated Dacron (Du Pont s polyester) aorta tube (24). 

INFUSOR PRESSURE BLOOD INTRAVENOUS BAG 14X6" 1000ML COLOR CODED 6516012308163 EA 17.37 ... 

The main use of PVC is for intravenous bags. However, PVC has been used in the controlled release of volatile insecticides, herbicides, pheromones, and perfumes by diffusion through a PVC membrane of multilaminated stripes. A monolithic matrix device of PVC can be prepared by mixing PVC particles with a suitable plasticizer and an active agent, followed by heating of the mixture in a mold. A solid PVC matrix is obtained from the subsequent cooling. 

Fig. 3 Types of large volume parenterals. These represent the various types of flexible intravenous bag systems (A) Lifecare by Abbott Laboratories (B) Representative vial and flexible IV bag system, such as the Add-Vantage — Abbott Laboratories or Mini-Bag Plus System —Baxter Healthcare (C) Excel —B. Braun Medical and (D) Viaflex —Baxter Healthcare. These bags contain either polyvinyl chloride (Lifecare or Viaflex) or polyolefin (Excel).

Another fruitful source for identifying possible structures is the sample s origin. Was the sample extracted from a mother liquor, isolated from a bulk lot, or synthesized from precursors It is useful to know the synthetic route or isolation pathway followed to prepare the sample, at least the last two to three steps. Not only will this provide clues to the possible structure based on predicted chemical reactions, it will also reveal any possible contaminants in the NMR sample. This will be become important if the sample purity is low. Some examples of common contaminant sources are residual excipients, other formulation components such as intravenous bags and reaction vessels (contaminants from previous use), plasticizers, and stopcock grease. 

Therefore, admixture studies are performed on parenteral drugs with commonly used intravenous diluents. Studies are performed by preparing admixtures of the drug product with various diluents in an appropriate type of flexible intravenous bag. Initial samples are taken for analysis before the bags are stored in temperature-controlled stability chambers. Subsequent samples may be pulled at 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h time points. The analytical tests commonly performed include visual appearance, pH, and HPLC assay. Degradation products are not commonly tested unless the method has been previously evaluated for specificity and stability-indicating ability with a particular intravenous diluent. This is necessary because there may be differences in the stability profile of the product in its original formulation compared to the admixture solution. Formation of any particulate matter is detected by visual... 

FOLLOW-UP PROBLEM 1.4 An intravenous bag delivers a nutrient solution to a hospital patient at a rate of 1.5 drops per second. If a drop weighs 65 mg on average, how many kilograms of solution are delivered in 8.0 h ... 

Surface Adsorption. Adhesion of proteins to surfaces is a well-known phenomenon. The denatured or I states of the protein expose hydrophobic domains. This exposure promotes the binding of the protein to the walls of the container and other surfaces it comes in contact with. It has been well documented that insulin binds to surfaces of delivery pumps, to glass and plastic containers, and to the inside of the intravenous bags [15]. 

Discard the intravenous bag and obtain another vial of medication. 

The HCP orders a lidocaine drip at 3 mg/min for a client who has just converted from ventricular fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm with multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). The intravenous bag has 2 grams of lidocaine in 500 mL normal saline. How would the nurse set the intravenous rate ... 

The nurse is adding a medication to an intravenous bag. Which action indicates the nurse needs more teaching in performing this procedure ... 

For eye exposures, remove contact ienses if present, and irrigate eyes with piain water or, if avaiiabie, normai saiine dribbied from an intravenous bag. Continue irrigation untii symptoms resoive or, if the contaminant is an acid or base, untii the pH of the conjunctivai sac is nearly normal (pH 6-8). 

The MRT of drug in this situation will be the sum of the MRT in the intravenous bag (MRT)bag plus the MRT in the patient. For a one-compartment drug with first-order elimination, it has been shown previously that MRT in the patient equals UK. Therefore, the task is to calculate MRTbag and then add this result to 1/FC to yield the total MRT. 

The MRT for zero-order transfer between the intravenous bag and the patient reflects the situation where the total amount of dmg in the... 

The slope in Fig. A.9 represents the constant rate of change of mass of drug in the intravenous bag over time. This slope (rate) equals (Xbag)o/finf- If... 

MRTbag can also be calculated by using the amount remaining to be removed approach, as follows. The amount of drug remaining to be removed from the intravenous bag at any time equals ... 

The upper limit, ti, suggests that this process does not go on until time infinity rather, drug has been completely removed from the intravenous bag at f=tinf- Simplifying the above equation gives ... 

Needle, intravenous, and/or intravenous bag adapters should be designed to facilitate the intravenous delivery of antidotes currently prepared solely for intramuscular use. The prepackaged systems designed for intramuscular use can only be used intravenously with risk to the health professional giving the injections. 

Keywords Phthalates Testosterone Male reproduction Female reproduction Reproductive toxicity Sperm count Plastics Vinyl Polyvinyl chloride PVC Food Food packaging Food contact material Consumer products Children s toys Medical equipment Neonatal intensive care unit Intravenous bags DEP DBP DnBP DiBP BBzP DEHP DINP... 

---