Remote area

Drill ships are used in deep water and remote areas, and these vessels are equipped with a drilling unit positioned in the middle of the ship. Positioning is achieved dynamically by computer controlled thrusters. The ample storage space allows operation for long periods of time without re-supply. 

Temperatures of hydrothermal reservoirs vary widely, from aquifers that are only slightly warmer than the ambient surface temperature to those that are 300°C and hotter. The lower temperature resources are much more common. The value of a resource for thermal appHcations increases directiy with its temperature, and in regions having hotter water more extensive use of geothermal resources has been implemented. Resources in remote areas often go unused unless hot enough to be employed in generating electricity. 

Although there are no new methane VPO competitive processes, current technology may be usehil for the production of impure methanol in remote areas for use as a hydrate inhibitor in natural gas pipelines (119,120). 

A knowledge of the molecular composition of a petroleum also allows environmentalists to consider the biological impact of environmental exposure. Increasingly, petroleum is being produced in and transported from remote areas of the world to refineries located closer to markets. Although only a minuscule fraction of that oil is released into the environment, the sheer volume involved has the potential for environmental damage. Molecular composition can not only identify the sources of contamination but also aids in understanding the fate and effects of the potentially hazardous components (7). 

Sleepers comprise the grade-level supporting stmcture for piping between equipment for faciUties to tank farms or other remote areas. 

Phthalates in Air. Atmospheric levels of phthalates in general are very low. They vary, for DEHP, from nondetectable to 132 ng/m (50). The latter value, measured in 1977, is the concentration found in an urban area adsorbed on airborne particulate matter and hence the biological avaUabUity is uncertain. More recent measurements (52) in both industrial and remote areas of Sweden showed DEHP concentrations varying from 0.3 to 77 ng/m with a median value of 2 ng/m. ... 

Sulfur dioxide occurs in industrial and urban atmospheres at 1 ppb—1 ppm and in remote areas of the earth at 50—120 ppt (27). Plants and animals have a natural tolerance to low levels of sulfur dioxide. Natural sources include volcanoes and volcanic vents, decaying organic matter, and solar action on seawater (28,290,291). Sulfur dioxide is beHeved to be the main sulfur species produced by oxidation of dimethyl sulfide that is emitted from the ocean. 

Thermoelectric devices represent niche markets, but as economic and environmental conditions continue to change, they appear poised to advance into more common use. Thermoelectric power generators are in use in many areas, including sateUites, deep-space probes, remote-area weather stations, undersea navigational devices, military and remote-area communications, and cathodic protection. 

H2O) made by the older chamber process and was suitable for use ia tropical climates. Ia less developed or remote areas, bleaching powder may stiU be prepared oa a small scale by generating CI2 from Ma02, NaCl, and H2SO4, and treating it with hydrated lime placed on shelves ia an absorption chamber (245). 

Normally such mills are installed in groups known as wind farms to provide a sizeable power source, except in remote areas, where power demand may be restricted to a very limited area and small mills may suffice. When mills are installed in groups, precautions are necessary to ensure that there is enough distance between any two mills so that there is no hindrance to routine maintenance, on the one hand, and obstruction of wind to other mills, on the other. For more details, refer to the literature available on the subject in the Further reading at the end of the chapter. 

In earlier years, to reach a remote area, where. separate telephone lines had not been laid it was normal practice to rttn them through the same poles as the HT power distribution lines (generally 11-33 kV). This was particularly true of internal communications of the electricity companies for ease of operation and to save costs and time. This commitnication was known as the magneto-telephone system. But the proximity of telephone lines to power lines adversely affected the performance of the telephone lines due to generation of overvoltages (Chapter 20) and eleetrical interferences (conductive and inductive interferences, discussed later) on the telephone lines by the power lines.. Some of these interferenees, particularly system harmonics, had the same frequency as the audio frequency of the telephone lines and alTected their audio quality. 

By using only a single reference electrode in the object to be protected, the potential can be determined only in the vicinity of this electrode and not in more remote areas. Section 3.3.1 together with Eq. (3-27) provides further explanation of this. To improve the current and potential distribution, the number and location of the anodes must suit the geometry of the object to be protected. Occasionally, additional reference electrodes are required for potential control [2]. The optimum nominal potential for potential control can be found by this method by considering remote IR errors. 

Both the Power Industry and the petrochemical industries use the aircraft-type turbine. The Power Industry uses these units in a combined cycle mode for power generation especially in remote areas where the power requirements are less than 100 MW. The petrochemical industry uses these types of turbines on offshore platforms especially for gas re-injection, and as power plants for these offshore platforms, mostly due to their compactness and the ability to be easily replaced and then sent out to be repaired. The aeroderivative gas turbine also is used widely by gas transmission companies and petrochemical plants, especially for many variable speed mechanical drives. These turbines are also used as main drives for Destroyers and Cruise Ships. The benefits of the aeroderivative gas turbines are ... 

The thermosyphon is a good system for remote areas where utilities are limited, but requires some careful design to ensure proper operation. This is a circulating system with the motive force derived from the change in densiiy of the cooling fluid from the hot to the cold sections of the sysieni. API dl8 pennits this system for discharge gas temperatures below 210 F or a temperature rise across the compressor of 150°F or less. 

In summary, heat-driven cycles for cooling or heat pumping can have energy saving and environmental benefits. There are also niche applications in developing countries or remote areas. Adsorption cycles using active carbons are one of a number of approaches that might be economically viable. 

Viruses are the 2nd most problematic pathogen, behind protozoa. As with protozoa, most waterborne viral diseases don t present a lethal hazard to a healthy adult. Waterborne pathogenic viruses range in size from 0.020-0.030 jtim, and are too small to be filtered out by a mechanical filter. All waterborne enteric viruses affecting humans occur solely in humans, thus animal waste doesn t present much of a viral threat. At the present viruses don t present a major hazard to people drinking surface water in the U.S., but this could change in a survival situation as the level of human sanitation is reduced. Viruses do tend to show up even in remote areas, so a case can be made for eliminating them now. 

Portability Tubes can easily be used in remote areas. They are light in weight and easily carried in hard-to-reach areas. 

Equipment may get washed with a steam jenny and allowed to air dry on plastic in a more remote area. We need to keep in mind that steam cleaners have the potential to cause substantial physical harm. The combination of high-pressure water and high temperatures can be dangerous. Wlien this is coupled with a worker standing on visquine or plastic, it becomes a slip, trip, and fall situation. Situations compounded with respiratory and whole-body protection, such as saranex or rubber suits and gloves, add in the potential for poor vision, heat stress, and the lack of physical dexterity. Keep these issues in mind prior to steam cleaner activity. 

Though sodium-sulfur batteries have been under development for many years, major problems still exists with material stability. It is likely that the first commercial uses of this batteiy will not be for electric vehicles. Sodium-sulfur storage batteries may be more well-suited for hybrid electric vehicles or as part of a distributed energy resources system to provide power ill remote areas or to help meet municipal peak power requirements. 

Cesspools should only be utilized in extremely remote areas and after consideration of all other forms of effluent disposal has been undertaken. 

Suitable skilled labor may not be available, at a particular site, to use complicated equipment (e.g. hot airless spray). On a foreign site or in remote areas even conventional equipment may be unfamiliar or unobtainable. 

Managers responsible for services within works, offices or premises have an additional task in that when engaging service contractors they then have joint responsibility under the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 for the health and safety of the contractor s employees while on their premises. When engaging contractors to carry out work within the premises, systems must be implemented by which the contractor s employee works in a safe manner and does not create a hazard to the premises occupants or staff while carrying out this work. This responsibility is greater when there is an employee or service contractor working alone, as in most instances the premises communications do not allow for such circumstances (e.g. the lone employee may be working in remote areas such as plant rooms). 

Hot-applied coatings require special melting and handling equipment to be available at the construction site. Clearly, considerable economies are possible if this equipment can be dispensed with, particularly in remote areas... 

In approximate size, the Arsenal covers 6S00 acres. Its activities are conducted in over 1500 buildings which are serviced by 85 miles of roads and 31 miles of railroad. Within its boundaries are two artificial lakes, three widely separated test-firing ranges, and two remote areas for the extremely hazardous activities... 

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