Primates lemurs

In primates, lemurs distinguish and remember individual odors. In L.ful-ves the anogenital scent mark of an evicted individual was still recognized (i.e., scent-marked) 10 months after the eviction (Fornasieri and Roeder, 1992). 

Primates Lemur, loris, marmoset, monkey, ape, human 43 148 4% Worldwide... 

Fig. 1.4 Distribution of VNO in Primates (+) present, (-) absent (in adults), uniform in Lemurs, Lorises and Tarsiers and non-uniform in Monkeys and Apes. A Progressive ( ) loss of AOS capacity (after Martin, 1990).

The lemurs of Madagascar were cut off from the mainstream of primate evolution at least 50 million years ago. In Madagascar, they evolved to occupy many ecological niches that, on the continent of Africa, were occupied by monkeys or apes. About 40 different species of lemurs evolved. Some, about as large as the great apes, are known only by their fossils. 

The family Indriidae includes the woolly lemur or avahi, the indri, and two sifakas. These prosimians have only 30 teeth instead of the 36 found in most other lemurs. When on the ground, these primates tend to walk or leap upright. 

Sleeper, B. Primates The Amazing World of Lemurs, Monkeys, and Apes. San Francisco Chronicle Books, 1997. 

The loris or bushbaby family, Lorisidae, includes 14 species of Asian and African primates. Loris is a Dutch word for clown, given to these amusing creatures by European seaman who saw them. With the lemurs, these attractive little primates make up the group called prosimians, or pre-monkeys. All lemurs are found on the big island of Madagascar other members of the loris family can be found elsewhere. Unlike the lemurs, the lorisids have little or no tail. 

Figure 4. Two-dimensional embeding of some primates. 1, Lemur catta 2, Homo 3, Pan 4, Gorilla 5, Pongo 6, Hylobates 7, Macaca fuscata 8, M. mulatto 9, M. fascicularis 10, M. sylvanus 11, Saimiri sciureus 12, Tarsius syrichta.

Montagna, W., and Soonyun, J., 1962, Skin of Primates 10. Skin of ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20 95. 

Ramsay, N. F., and Giller, P. S., 1996, Scent-marking in ring-tailed lemurs responses to the introduction of "foreign scent in the home range. Primates 37 13-23. 

Chemical communication is a ubiquitous system that may occur through body contacts or close interactions, and also at distance by scent-marking of substrates. Thus, the absence of the emitters does not break the communication with the receivers of these scents. Chemical communication is also a language that can be decoded in the absence of light and, as such, constitutes a prime mode of communication in nocturnal species. In primates, this system of communication has long been ignored but has recently received a renewed interest in macrosmatic species characterized by a well-developed sense of smell. Among them, lemurs display an extremely sophisticated chemical... 

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