Waste biological

The demonstration unit was later transported to the CECOS faciHty at Niagara Falls, New York. In tests performed in 1985, approximately 3400 L of a mixed waste containing 2-chlorophenol [95-57-8] nitrobenzene [98-95-3] and 1,1,2-trichloroethane [79-00-5] were processed over 145 operating hours 2-propanol was used as a supplemental fuel the temperature was maintained at 615 to 635°C. Another 95-h test was conducted on a PCB containing transformer waste. Very high destmction efficiencies were achieved for all compounds studied (17). A later bench-scale study, conducted at Smith Kline and French Laboratories in conjunction with Modar (18), showed that simulated chemical and biological wastes, a fermentation broth, and extreme thermophilic bacteria were all completely destroyed within detection limits. 

Soft solids, most of which are biological waste such as sewage, are difficult to convey up the beach. Annular baffles or dams have been commonly used to provide a pool-level difference wherein the pool is deeper upstream of the baffle toward the clarifier and lower downstream of the baffle toward the beach. The pool-level difference across the baffle, together with the differential speed, provide the driving force to convey the compressible sludge up the beach. This has been used effectively in thickening of waste-activated sludge and in some cases of fine clay with dilatant characteristics. 

This section emphasizes cell cultures and microbial and enzymatic processes and excludes medical, animal, and agricultural engineering systems. Engineering aspec ts of biological waste treatment are covered in Sec. 25. 

In the past, hazardous wastes were often grouped into the following categories (1) radioactive substances, (2) chemicals, (3) biological wastes, (4) flammable wastes, and (5) explosives. The chemical cate-goiy included wastes that were corrosive, reactive, and toxic. The principal sources of hazardous biological wastes are hospitals and biological-research facilities. 

Biological wastes Sealed plastic bags 120 L Heat sterilization prior to bagging special heavy-duty bags... 

Algae A group of photosynthetic organisms that range from microscopic size to a length of 20 m. They supply oxygen and consume nutrients in several different processes for biological waste treatment. 

The laboratory operator must make a careful examination of all wastes that will be generated and, from this, work up a waste disposal system. Some wastes may be compatible and could be disposed of together. Others could react and thus cause problems. Flammables must be given special attention. Certain biological wastes may be very hazardous even in small quantities. Special rules apply to radioactive materials, even in the small amounts used for investigative purposes. 

Results from experiments on biodegradation in which readily degraded substrates such as glucose are added have probably restricted relevance to natural ecosystems in which such substrates exist in negligible concentration. However, readily degraded substrates in addition to those less readily degradable undoubtedly occur in biological-waste-treatment systems. In these circumstances, at least three broadly different metabolic situations may exist ... 

The recent and accelerating emphasis on water pollution control has necessitated the rapid development of improved biological waste treatment systems to aid in cost and energy savings. The use of... 

Fomites Some pathogens may be absorbed into clothing or bedding causing these items to become infectious and capable of transmitting the disease. Others may contain vectors (e.g., lice, ticks) that pose a transmission hazard. Deposit items in an appropriate biological waste container and send to a medical waste disposal facility. 

Fomites Clothing or bedding may become contaminated with spores. Deposit items in an appropriate biological waste container and send to a medical waste disposal facility. 

LINPOR [Linde porous medium] A biological waste water treatment process, using an open-pore plastic foam for retaining the biomass. Its use enables the capacity of an activated sludge plant to be increased without adding extra tanks. Invented at the Technische Universitat, Munich, and further developed by Linde, Munich. See also CAPTOR. 

Tower Biology A biological waste-treatment process, developed from the Activated Sludge process. The sludge is contained in a tall tower, at the base of which oxygen is injected as small bubbles. The bubbles are almost completely absorbed by the time they reach the surface of the liquid. The system uses less energy than does surface aeration. Developed by Bayer in 1980 for its plant at Leverkusen, Germany subsequently adopted in India and then elsewhere. 

The increase of the recent years in the biological waste treatment in Europe is reported by ECN (2008). The environmental and market requirements of the biologically treated waste are also reported. The selective biowaste collection the compost production is around 9 million Mg in the European Union. 

Aeration basins, in biological waste treatment, 25 827 Aeration biotechnology, 1 730-747 applications, 1 743-745 oxygen demands of biological species, l 730t... 

Deep Shaft process, in biological waste treatment, 25 905 Deep shaft reactor, 15 713, 714 Deep tank aeration, in biological waste treatment, 25 905... 

Food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio, in biological waste treatment, 25 830, 896, 897, 898... 

Hydraulic properties, of ion-exchange resins, 74 399 403 Hydraulic retention time (HRT), in biological waste treatment, 25 829 Hydraulic scales, 26 229-230 Hydraulic-settling classifiers, 22 275 Hydrazide(s), 70 504 73 573-576... 

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