Deep shaft process

Other processes include deep tank aeration such as the Biohoch, the use of high purity oxygen, and the Deep Shaft process. 

Activated Sludge System Including Deep Shaft Process... 

Deep Shaft process, in biological waste treatment, 25 905 Deep shaft reactor, 15 713, 714 Deep tank aeration, in biological waste treatment, 25 905... 

Other variations of activated sludge such as deep shaft high-rate activated sludge and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) have been used for refinery wastewater treatment. A refined deep shaft process has been installed and in operation at the Chevron refinery in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, since 1996 [45]. In the course of a recent wastewater treatment upgrade, a BP refinery on the eastern Australian coast converted an existing lagoon to an SBR system [46]. 

Examples of commonly used bioseparations include sedimentation, coagulation, and filtration. The scale of operation for such bioseparation processes is considerable, because of the volumes of effluent which are processed and the throughputs required. Proprietary aerobic digesters such as the Deep Shaft process may use centrifugation to recover biomass from the treated effluent for recycle as an inoculum for the digester or to reduce the quantity of water before sending the solid material either to incineration or land fill. 

The deep shaft biological treatment process,87 which is one of the activated sludge systems, has been successfully applied to a paper mill wastewater treatment in Japan (see Case Study III, Section 21.6.3). 

Source Adapted from Daly, P.G. and Shen, C.C., The deep shaft biological treatment process, in Proceedings of the 43rd Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, May 1988. With permission. BOD, biochemical oxygen demand COD, chemical oxygen demand TSS, total suspended solids. 

VerTech A sewage-treatment process in which the sludge is digested under aerobic conditions at high temperature and pressure in a vertical shaft approximately one mile deep. Developed in the 1980s by VerTech Treatment Systems, The Netherlands. Piloted in 1985 at Longmont, CO, and installed at Apeldoom, The Netherlands, in 1991. See also Deep Shaft. Water Bull., 1994, 31 Mar, 6. 

Iceland spar, 75 28 ICI deep shaft wastewater treatment process, 7 744... 

A new process configuration, that for deep-shaft wet-air oxidation, is available as a more satisfactory and economical engineering approach to the application of the wet-oxidation concept (see Figure 9.4-10). The deep-shaft wet-air oxidation reactor is unique to its purpose. The tube-diameter and length are designed so that sufficient reaction time and the desired pressure can be attained during fluid-waste oxidation. The pressure is developed naturally by... 

Otto Aqua-Tech HCR [High-Capacity Reactor] A high-intensity biological treatment process for purifying effluents from food processing, certain industrial processes, and landfill leachate. The waste is circulated rapidly through a vertical loop reactor, and air is injected at the top. Invented at the Technical University of Clausthal-Zellerfeld developed and commercialized by Otto Oeko-Tech. Eleven plants had been installed in Germany and Italy by 1991. See also Deep Shaft, Biobor HSR. 

Aqueous waste streams with BODs of 5,000 to 20,000, which are essentially nontoxic may be produced by a food processing industry or by a distillery, may be efficiently treated by extended aeration in lagoons, or in deep shaft... 

Production of power from nuclear reactors involves uranium mining, fuel fabrication, the reactor operations, and storage of wastes. All of these processes may expose humans and the environment to radiation. Uranium production in the United States was 12,300 tons of U3O8 in 1977, primarily from western states, Texas, and Florida. Mining from deep shafts or open pits is the preferred method of uranium extraction, although in Florida it is produced as... 

Typical life of a drum hoist rope is in the range of 70,000 cycles. Drum end cuts are typically performed every 10,000 hoisting cycles and the process takes up to one day per rope. On a high capacity deep shaft this can result in downtime of approximately 12 days/year (based on a drum end cut frequency of 2 months). More recent experience in ultra-deep shafts indicates that more frequent drum-end cuts are required to optimize rope life (Louw, 2007). 

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