Hydraulic properties

We are not aware of any previous studies of the removal of plutonium or americium from (NH )2ZrF6-NHltF-NH N03 solutions. For ready plant-scale application, precipitation, sorption on inorganic materials, or batch solvent extraction processes may all be satisfactory. An inexpensive inorganic material with great selectivity and capacity for sorbing actinides, and with suitable hydraulic properties, would be especially attractive. 

Haas, D. B., Gillies, R., Small, M. and Husband, W. H. W. Saskatchewan Research Council publication No. E-835-1-C80 (March 1980). Study of the hydraulic properties of coarse particles of metallurgical coal when transported in slurry form through pipelines of various diameters. 

As discussed before, groundwater samples can be collected when a sufficient volume of water has been removed from the well (e.g., three to five well volumes) and groundwater parameters have stabilized. If parameters have not stabilized after five well volumes have been removed, then the well may be sampled (acceptance of sampling following the fifth purge volume is dependent on the study objectives). Table 1 summarizes the criteria used for establishing the stability of groundwater parameters. The time intervals between the parameter measurements depend on the well characteristics and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and must be sufficiently spaced to provide results representative of aquifer properties. ... 

During the test the groundwater table is monitored and the drawdown cone around the pumping well is established. From these drawdown data the hydraulic properties of the aquifer can be analyzed as shown in Figure 37. 

Figure 37. A pumping test is used to evaluate the hydraulic properties of the aquifer...

Based on the results a conceptual model is created and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer and its surrounding layers are derived from the pumping test. 

Capillary barrier cover systems consist of a finer-grained soil layer (like that of a monolithic cover system) overlying a coarser-grained material layer, usually sand or gravel, as shown conceptually in Figure 25.3. The differences in the unsaturated hydraulic properties between the two layers minimize percolation into the coarser-grained (lower) layer under unsaturated conditions. 

Finer-grained materials such as silts and clayey silts are typically used for monolithic ET cover systems and the top layer of a capillary barrier ET cover system because they contain finer particles and provide a greater storage capacity than sandy soils. Sandy soils are typically used for the bottom layer of the capillary barrier cover system to provide a contrast in unsaturated hydraulic properties between the two layers. Many ET covers are constructed of soils that include clay loam, silty loam, silty sand, clays, and sandy loam. 

Physical characterization of the test piles has included grain size analysis, hydraulic properties, air permeability, and thermal... 

Hydraulic properties, of ion-exchange resins, 74 399 403 Hydraulic retention time (HRT), in biological waste treatment, 25 829 Hydraulic scales, 26 229-230 Hydraulic-settling classifiers, 22 275 Hydrazide(s), 70 504 73 573-576... 

Mishra, S., Parker, J. C., and Singhal, N., 1989a, Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties and Their Uncertainty from Particle Size Distribution Data Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 108,... 

Bethune MG, Batey TJ (2002) Impact on soil hydraulic properties resulting from irrigating saline-sodic soils with low sahnity water. Austral J Exp Agri 42 273-279 Birnbaum LS, Sttaskal DE (2004) Brominated fiame retardants Cause for concern Environ Health Perspectives 112 9-17... 

The total costs for using the Electrokinetic soil cleaning technology range from 20 to 100/yd of treated media. The vendor estimated that the costs for an electrokineticaUy enhanced bioremediation project would range from 10 to 90/yd. The costs will vary based on the site s specific chemical and hydraulic properties. The unit price for this technology is dependent on ... 

The cost of electrokinetic treatment is dependent on specific chemical and hydraulic properties present at the site. The total cost of remediation has been projected to be in the range of 50 to 150/yd in 1991 or 1992 (D131624, p. 6). 

The costs wiU vary based on the site s specific chemical and hydraulic properties. The initial and target contaminant concentrations, concentrations of nontarget ions, conductivity of the pore water, soil characteristics and moisture content, the quantity of waste, depth of contamination, residual waste handling and processing, site preparation requirements, and electricity and labor rates have a significant effect on the unit price (D19938G, pp. 16, 17). 

P 25.2 Determining the Hydraulic Properties of an Aquifer from Observed Concentration Time Series in Two Adjacent Wells... 

Coalescence of both the organic and the aqueous phases at each step of the process, which ensures good hydraulic properties (no phase entrainment, no stable emulsion). 

We have now demonstrated that both the FDSP and FDE responses are dependent on the capillary/pore dimension. Once the pore dimension is known this can applied to an appropriate permeability model to obtain more information about the porous media. Using an appropriate permeability model along with formation factor measurements we can estimate the permeability of porous samples. Alternatively, if we measure the permeability of a sample we can then use the permeability model to determine the formation factor and tortuosity of the sample using measurements that are base on the hydraulic properties and not the electrical properties. This is currently a work in progress to compare formation factor measurements made using the two methods. 

Many rock types have a layered structure, individual rock layers varying in thickness from a few centimeters to tens of meters. Layered rocks include marine sediments, most continental sediments, lava flows and volcanic ejecta, and intrusive sills. The hydraulic properties vary from one rock layer to another, often resulting in abrupt changes along the vertical axis. In terms of the permeability coefficient (k) the lateral coefficient (kx) may significantly differ from the vertical coefficient (kz). The alternation of aquifers and aquicludes results from the layered structure of different rocks, and the occurrence of springs is often controlled by the layering of rocks. Fissures may be restricted to individual rock layers or cross several rock beds, in which case water flow is improved, mainly in the vertical direction. 

In dead-end filtration, a cake forms on the surface of the pad as the filtration proceeds. The cake permeability is the most important physical property of a porous medium and the hydraulic properties of the flow and the specific cake resistance are described by Darcy s Law ... 

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