Water-pollution Control

The federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1898 to fight water pollution. Fifty years later. Congress provided funds for the construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The Water Control Act of 1965 took a water quality approach and initiated close examination of receiving waters. States were required to establish standards for water quality. 

The Clean Water Act of 1972 adopted the best available technology (BAT) strategy for all cleanups. Under the 1987 amendments to this act, states are required to identify waters that are not expected to meet quality standards. 

The Clean Water Act regulates wastewater. Wastewater standards are applied to  

The federal Clean Water Act is designed to protect U.S. water quality. The ERA, state water commissions, the Army Corps of Engineers, state Parks and Wildlife departments, and the U.S. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife help enforce the Clean Water Act. 

National Water Quality Standards state that  

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Beneficiation faciUties require air and water pollution control systems, including efficient control of dust emissions, treatment of process water, and proper disposal of tailings (see AiRPOLLUTlON CONTROLMETHODS). In handling finished fluorspar, operators must avoid breathing fluorspar dust and contacting fluorspar with acids. Proper disposal of spills and the use of respirators and other personnel protective equipment must be observed. Contact with fluorspar may irritate the skin and eyes. 

Glean Water Act. The Water QuaUty Act of 1987 and Clean Water Act of 1977 amended the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, and are known collectively as the Clean Water Act (CWA). Their objective is to restore and maintain the integrity of U.S. waters. There are spill prevention, control, and containment requirements with which to comply. It requires replacement of older storage tanks or installation of double bottoms or seals. 

K. Rakness and co-workers, paper presented at Water Pollution Control Eederation Conference Workshop, Oct. 1979. 

J. Water Pollut. Control Fed, annual review issues. 

Water Environment Eederation (formerly Water Pollution Control Eederation), Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes, Manual of Practice ED-18, prepared by Task Eorce on Hazardous Waste Treatment, Alexandria, Va., 1990. 

W. W. Eckenfelder, Jr., Industrial Water Pollution Control, McGtaw-HiU Book Company, New York, 1966. 

Over the past decade, water pollution control has progressed from an art to a science. Increased emphasis has been placed on the removal of secondary pollutants, such as nutrients and refractory organics, and on water reuse for industrial and agricultural purposes. This in turn has generated both fundamental and appHed research, which has improved both the design and operation of wastewater treatment faciUties. 

M. Ramanathan and W. E. Vedey, Evaluation, Design and Startup of an Innovative and Cost-effective Wastewater Treatment Plant at Concord, New Hampshire, paper presented at the 36th Annual Meeting, Virginia Water Pollution Control Association, Inc., Charlottesville, Va., 1982. 

Wastewater Treatment Plant Design, Manual of Practice No. < , Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C., 1977. 

Studies of Wastewater Reclamation and Etili tion pub. no. 9, State Water Pollution Control Board, Sacramento, Calif., 1954. 

L. W. Cantei and R. C. Knox, Ground Water Pollution Control, Lewis PubHsheis, Inc., Chelsea, Mich., 1985, pp. 89—125. 

W. F. Echelberger, Water Pollution Control Technology, Course Syllabus and Study Materials, Center for Professional Advancement, East Bmnswick,... 

Amendment of the federal Water Pollution Control Act, U.S. Government, Pubhc Law 92-500, 92nd Congress, 5.2770, Washiagton, D.C., Oct. 18,1972. 

G. Smith, "Optimizing Operation of Low-Load Aeration Systems Wasting Mote. .. and Paying Less", presented at 15th Mnnual Conference of the Mlabama Association of Water Pollution Control, Orange Beach, Ala., Nov. 1991, available from Envirex Inc. 

O. E. Albertson, S/udge Thic/zening, Manua/ of Practice ED1, Task Eorce on Sludge Thickening, Water Pollution Control Eederation, Washington,... 

Envinonmental Protection Agency, 12040 ENC 12/71 Water Pollution Control Research Service, Interstate Paper Corp., 1971. 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) was passed. This act and its various amendments are often referred to as tne Clean Water Act (CWA). It provided loans for treatment plant construction and temporary authority for federal control of interstate water pollution. The enforcement powers were so heavily dependent on the states as... 

In 1965 the Water Quahty Act established a new trend in water pollution control. It provided that the states set water quality standards in accordance with federal guidelines. If the states f ed to do so, the standards would be set by the federal government subject to a review hearing. In 1966, the Clean Water Restoration Act transferred the Feder Water Pollution Control Administration from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to the Department of the Interior. It also gave the Interior Department the responsibility for the Oil Pollution Act. 

Subchapter VI - State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds ... 

Water pollution control revolving loan funds sec. 603... 

Bierck, B. R., Wells, S. A., and Dick, R. I. (1988) "Compressible Cake Filtration Monitoring Cake Formations Using X-Rays from a Synchrotron Source," Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, Vol. 60, No. 5, 645-650... 

Wells, S. A. (1990) "Effect of Winter Heat Loss on Treatment Plant Efficiency," Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 62, No. 1, 34-39... 

Chaney and J.A. Ryan.The Future of Residuals Management After /99/.AWWA/WPCF Joint Residuals Management Conference, Water Pollution Control Federation, Arlington, Va.,August 1991. 

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