Radioactive substance

Radioactivity originates in natural sources natural radioactivity) as well as in artificial ones artificial radioactivity). 

Natural radioactivity is caused by the presence of radionuclides such as Ra, Rn, Th, Pb, and others. Except for some 

The artificial radioactivity of waters is caused particularly by radionuclides formed by nuclear fission reactions (nuclear explosions, nuclear reactors). The contribution of artificial radioactivity from scientific and medical institutions is small. The foUowing radionuclides in particular can be considered in this case Sr, I, Cs, Ce, Ce, etc. Other 

Radionuclides can be present in waters in both soluble and insoluble forms, as simple and complex ions. 

One of the main components of the natural acitivity of mineral waters is gaseous radon. Other components of natural radioactivity of groundwaters are uranium and radium. Waters with an activity 370 Bq 1 are considered to be radioactive mineral waters. 

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Radon, sealed in small capsules called seeds , has been used as a radioactive substance in medicine, but is being superseded by more convenient artificially-produced radioisotopes. 

Additional ionization is effected by including radioactive substances or plasma or glow discharges in the evaporation chamber or by electrical charging of the nebulizer. Such techniques are also discussed in Chapters 8 and 11. 

In the past, hazardous wastes were often grouped into the following categories (1) radioactive substances, (2) chemicals, (3) biological wastes, (4) flammable wastes, and (5) explosives. The chemical cate-goiy included wastes that were corrosive, reactive, and toxic. The principal sources of hazardous biological wastes are hospitals and biological-research facilities. 

Radioactive substances Lead encased in concrete Varies with waste Isolated storage buildings high-capacity hoists and lighting... 

First of all, in the general part, the supply of herbal drugs and herbal mixtures, the indications and possible treatments, are dealt with, as well as explaining herbal preparations, how to make the lea, storage, and authentication. Short sections are devoted to the Standard Licences and the contamination of drugs (microbiological, heavy metal, fumigation, radioactive substances). 

Since the disaster with the reactor at Chernobyl in May 1986, the contamination of drugs with radioactive substances has regularly been the subject of research reports. In the meantime, in the Huropean Community, the maximum value has been fixed at 600 Bq/kg, a figure which also guides the drug... 

SEALED SOURCE A soui ce Containing any radioactive substance whose structure is such as to prevent, under normal conditions of use, any dispersion of radioactive substances into the envu onment, but it does not include any radioactive substance inside a nuclear reactor or any nuclear fuel element. 

Table 11.6 General control measures for work with radioactive substances...

Wherever practicable, store radioactive substances in sealed, properly labelled containers. Check for leaks periodically (e.g. 

The medical background of workers must be considered for work involving certain chemicals, e.g. radioactive substances, sensitizers. (Refer to Chapter 5.)... 

Nuclear fuel and power Radioactive substances Radioisotopes ... 

SI 1962/2646 Radioactive Substances (Storage and Transit) Exemption Order... 

SI 1962/2711 Radioactive Substances (Prepared Uranium and Thorium Compounds) Order... 

SI 1991/447 Radioactive Substances (Smoke Detectors) Exemption (Amendment) Order... 

Regulation 1493/93 on shipments of radioactive substances between Member States... 

Regulate the classification, provision of safety data sheets, labelling and packaging of substances and preparations dangerous for supply. There are specific exceptions, e.g. medicines, pesticides, wastes, radioactive substances or preparations. 

Governs the keeping and use of radioactive substances and the storage and disposal of radioactive waste. 

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