Biological waste disposal regulations

Wastes contaminated with aniline may be Hsted as RCRA Hazardous Waste, and if disposal is necessary, the waste disposal methods used must comply with U.S. federal, state, and local water poUution regulations. The aniline content of wastes containing high concentrations of aniline can be recovered by conventional distillation. Biological disposal of dilute aqueous aniline waste streams is feasible if the bacteria are acclimated to aniline. Aniline has a 5-day BOD of 1.89 g of oxygen per gram of aniline. 

Current Cleanup Options for Dioxin Wastes. Governmental regulations and dioxin s negative image currently prevent off-site disposal or treatment of dioxin-contaminated wastes. In response to a need to destroy dioxin wastes, a number of novel process adaptations have been proposed and tested. These processes include incineration, physical-chemical, and biological processes. In addition, on-site containment, storage, and monitoring remain economic alternatives. 

Disposal is most difficult for the very small amount of chemical-biological waste that is EPA-regulated as chemically hazardous or contains a chemical, such as lead, that is inappropriate for an animal or medical waste incinerator. Disposal of tissue specimens preserved in ethanol or another flammable solvent is also difficult. In most cases, storage of this waste is limited to 90 days and must be managed at an EPA-permitted chemical waste facility. However, few chemical waste facilities are prepared to handle waste that is putrescible, infectious, or biohazardous. 

Waste disposal. Discuss disposal requirements for biological, chemical, and radioactive wastes. Cover how to render compounds harmless if possible, and how to follow procedures for disposal of hazardous materials, avoiding air and water or sewage pollution. Cover compliance with Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Transportation regulations. Cover disposal of radioactive chemicals, animal remains, sharp objects, and broken glassware. 

There are a few food monitoring studies in the literature that provide several examples of food contamination with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The ubiquitous nature of 1,1,1-trichloroethane suggests that additional information in this area would allow a complete determination ofthe levels of human exposure to this chlorinated solvent. The release of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to the environment is well established since there are numerous studies that indicate the presence of this compound in environmental media. The quantity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane released to the environment during its production, formulation, and use is known. 1,1,1-Trichioroethane is listed on the Toxics Release Inventory. Methods for the disposal of 1,1,1-trichloroethane exist. Data on the removal of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from waste streams during biological treatment processes are lacking. Information on the amount of 1,1,1-trichloroethane disposed of annually is scarce. Rules and regulations... 

Present regulations assume that long-term isolation of hazardous wastes — including toxic chemical, biological, radioactive, flammable and explosive wastes — may be effected by disposal in landfills that have liners of very low hydraulic conductivity. In reality, total isolation of wastes in humid areas is not possible some migration of leachate from wastes buried in the gound will always occur. 

Relatively few states have as yet adopted regulations governing the disposal of radioactive wastes. A considerable amount of work on determining the biological hazards of various radioisotopes, has been done by Morgan, Stone, and others, leading to the concept of the mean permissible concentration of radioisotopes in air and in water. Specifications proposed depend upon ... 

Because nitrobenzene is listed as a hazardous substance, disposal of waste nitrobenzene is controlled by a number of federal regulations (see Chapter 7). Land disposal restrictions (treatment standards) apply to wastes containing nitrobenzene. These wastes may be chemically or biologically... 

It is also assumed that safe working practices are observed. In particular, organic solvents should only be evaporated in a properly functioning chemical fume hood, correct protective equipment should be worn when dealing with potentially hazardous chemical or biological materials, and waste solutions should be disposed of in accordance with all applicable regulations. 

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