Waste-transformer oil

Abstract The destruction of waste transformer oil contaminated with some toxic... 

In our study we used commercial microorganisms mixtures especially suited to utilisation of hydrocarbons. The pure strain of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes No 10086, one of the most effective PCBs congeners degrades was used in experiment to check the process effects in both (with and without oxygen) conditions in presence of waste transformer oil. 

Yadav, S.P.R., Saravanan, C.G., 2015. Engine characterization study of hydrocarbon fuel derived through recycling of waste transformer oil. Journal of the Energy Institute... 

Plasma destruction of transformer oil with PCB absorbed in sites was investigated in two ways of the waste feeding. In the first experiment the sample was washed up with a solvent and the fluid extract was then... 

The data modeled are from gas chromatograms obtained for Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260. The unknown samples are from the anaysis of used transformer oil obtained from a waste dump in New Jersey. The concentration of individual isomers in selected Aroclor and transformer oil samples are given in Appendix I. The data are organized in a matrix in which the first four data entries for each sample in row 1 of the data array (Table 2, Apendix I) designate the composition of the sample. For standards, these four variables represent the fractional parts of Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, or 1260, respectively, that were combined. Results from the analysis of transformer oil (samples 21-23) are of unknown fractional composition and variables 1 through 4 are null entries. In the examples that follow data from samples analyzed (Table 1, Appendix I) were used in part or in total to illustrate the PLS method. 

Waste streams with high concentrations of heavier fuel oils, such as kerosene or transformer oils, are more difficult to treat with this system (D17046H, p. 5). Pretreatment may be necessary, as may treatment of the effluent streams created during treatment. 

Pseudomonas. These gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of microbes that inhabit plants, water, and soil. Pseudomonads are metabolically versatile, capable of carrying out chemical transformations, mineralization of organic compounds, and colonization on plant roots (16). The use of Pseudomonads strains in the clean up of chemical wastes and oil spills has drawn considerable attention. 

PCBs are not manufactured in Malaysia and the import of PCBs has been banned since 1995. However, there are still old transformers and capacitors in use that contain PCB-contaminated oil (Hashim, 2001). Since 1998, PCB stockpiles and PCB-contaminated transformer oils have been properly disposed of at the Kualiti Alam Integrated Waste Management Centre, Bukit Pelanduk. A total of 15.5 tons of PCBs and 22 tons of transformer oils was incinerated at the site from 1998 to 2004 (Idris, 2004). There is no available record on the total import of PCBs and PCB containing products. Under the National Implementation Plan for compliance to the Stockholm Convention, an exercise to produce a PCB inventory for Malaysia has been carried out but the report has not been made public. 

Contaminated transformer oils and cutting fluids have been remediated readily using Na/NH3 in a 1200-L equipment (Table 7). Oils containing over 20,000 ppm of PCBs have been detoxified to levels below 0.5 ppm. Typically from 2 to 4 wt.% Na in liquid NH3 was used. The SET process was also used to remediate dioxins in waste oil from the McCormick and Baxter Site in Stockton, CA. As shown in Table 8, dioxins were reduced to parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. 

Origin / Industry Sources/Uses Prepared by the chlorination of biphenyl used in the electrical industry in capacitors and transformers used in the formulation of lubricating and cutting oils pesticides adhesives plastics inks paints sealants. Exposure Routes Inhalation of fume or vapor percutaneous adsorption of liquid ingestion eye and skin contact landfills containing PCB waste materials and products incineration of municipal refuse and sewage sludge waste transformer fluid disposal to open areas. 

The extraction of PCBs (Fig. 5.6) from transformer oil is an important analysis that is completed before the solid-waste disposal of transformers. The separation is accomplished on Florisil. It involves the sorption of the PCBs directly onto the Florisil sorbent and subsequent elution with hexane. 

Improving Enzymatic Transformation of Waste Edible Oil to Biodiesel by Adding Organic Base... 

Removal of PCBs from a contaminated water stream can be achieved by adsorption with chitosan [9012-76-4] and activated charcoal (Thome and Van Daele 1986). Chitosan from Procambarus clarkii coated on diatomaceous earth such as Cellite partially removed PCBs from waste streams (Portier 1988). Decontamination of transformer oil consists of immobilization of PCBs and halogenated organic compounds on alkali- or alkaline-metal carbonates and bicarbonates impregnated with polyethylene glycol and Ci to Ce alcoholates of alkali- and alkaline-earth metals (Tumiatti et al. 1989). 

The destruction of PCBs and dioxins in waste oils is readily accomplished by the Na/NH3 technique. This is iUustrated in Table 8 for motor, mineral and transformer oils, hexane and a waste oil fiom the McCormick and Baxter site. 

Chunfeng Wang, Nengmin Zhu, Yanmin Wang, Fushen Zhang, Co-Detoxification of Transformer Oil-Contained PCBs and Heavy Metals in Medical Waste Incinerator Fly Ash imder Sub- and Supercritical Water, Environmental Science Technology A6 (2012), p. 1003-1009. 

Biorefineries New catalytic pretreatment of plant materials Valorization, pretreatment or disposal of co-products and wastes from biorefinery by catalytic treatments New and/or improved catalytic processes for chemicals production through the integration of the biorefinery concept and products into the existing chemical production chain New advanced catalytic solutions to reduce waste emissions (solid, air and, especially, water) New catalysts to selectively de-oxygenate products from biomass transformation Catalysts to selectively convert chemicals in complex multicomponent feedstocks New biomimetic catalysts able to operate under mild conditions Small catalytic pyrolysis process to produce stabilized oil for further processing in larger plants... 

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