Biological waste water plants

After the reduction of sulphate and zinc in the waste water, it is transferred to a biological waste water plant. A schematic view of the waste water treatment is given in Figure 12.3. 

LINPOR [Linde porous medium] A biological waste water treatment process, using an open-pore plastic foam for retaining the biomass. Its use enables the capacity of an activated sludge plant to be increased without adding extra tanks. Invented at the Technische Universitat, Munich, and further developed by Linde, Munich. See also CAPTOR. 

APEOs and their acidic and neutral metabolites can be halogenated to produce chlorinated and brominated products. The formation of these compounds has been reported during the chlorination processes at drinking water treatment plants [1,35,36] and after biological waste-water treatment [37]. 

Domestic wastewaters, polluted surface waters, or the effluents from biological waste treatment plants are sources of high microbial populations. When such seeded dilution water is used, the BOD is calculated as follows ... 

For best performance aerobic biological waste water treatment plants must be maintained at a constant dissolved oxygen (DO) level. Under certain conditions, e.g. adverse weather conditions or under biological oxygen demand (BOD) overloaded conditions, DO levels drop and treatment effectiveness can be seriously reduced. Continuous running under lower than optimum DO levels leads to biological upsets such as proliferation of anaerobic or filimentous... 

If the injectors are utilized for supplying activated sludge with aerial oxygen in a biological waste water purification plant, it is of particularly interest that they... 

Neopentyl glycol and isobutanol are separated by distillation. Some of the recovered isobutanol is used to extract the aqueous phase formed in the aldol condensation, and the remainder is used to produce synthesis gas. The isobutanol extract contains hydroxypivalaldehyde and starting materials. It is therefore recycled to the aldol condensation reactor. The isobutanol transferred into reactor 1 then enters reactor 2 via the organic phase. This leads to an increase in the amount of isohutanol so that, after separation by distillation, some of the isobutanol can be used to produce synthesis gas. Wastewater from the bottom of the extraction column is fractionated. The low-boiling compounds formed as overhead products are also used to produce synthesis gas (Fig. 25). Wastewater from the fractionating column is treated in the biological waste-water treatment plant. 

The treatment of amine-containing scrubbing solutions requires a nitrification/denitrification stage. These treatment steps can also be carried out in an external biological waste water treatment plant. An alternative to discharge is the recovery of the amines. 

Phenols and cyanides can be biologically degraded or removed by physical-chemical treatment. Normally they are present in such low concentrations that there is no need for targeted pretreatment. Combined treatment in a sufficiently large biological waste water treatment plant is sufficient. 

If the amine is not recycled, the scrubbing concentrates can be treated in a biological waste water treatment plant with nitrogen elimination. 

The stripped water can be sent to a biological waste-water treatment plant for further processing. The gases require further treatment, such as ammonia recovery, sulfur removal recovery, or incineration/combustion. 

Recently, Gozalvez-Zafrilla et al. (2008) investigated the performance of commercial TFC-NF membranes as a secondary treatment process after an industrial waste-water plant (i.e., biological process) of a textile factory situated in Valencia, Spain. 

The various types of plug flow bioreactors were recently surveyed by Moser (1985a). They utilize surface aeration by means of a variety of rotating brushes, rotors, cone aerators, or gas or fluid jets such as are found in biological waste water treatment plants. Beyond all mechanically driven systems, reactors can also be both aerated and mixed pneumatically, or one pump can serve for both mixing and hydrodynamic stirring. 

Studies on the efficiency of ecotoxic heavy metal elimination by the usually applied biological waste water treatment plants[80] have revealed, that the elimination of those metals is rather limited. Moreover, although the total metal content is decreased compared with the untreated waste water, the apparently purified water leaving the treatment plant has a relatively higher or unaltered content of ecotoxic metals in the dissolved phase as consequence of solubilization from suspended material by organic complexators in the biological treatment plant. 

The plant does not have a biological waste water treatment plant, it uses a lagoon. For 2003, the following emissions were reported (see Table 5.12). The emission levels fit within the (OSPAR) standards for S-PVC production. 

Another part of the integration is that the biological waste water treatment plant treats all the waste waters from the site as well as the municipal waste water. The off-gas treatment for the production of viscose is combined with a sulphuric acid production unit. Gases containing sulphur can also be used as combustion air in various combustion plants with flue-gas desulphurisation. Additionally, the supply networks for steam and process water are highly sophisticated. 

The main part of the WWTP is usually the aerobic biological activated sludge process. Around this central facility a complex of preparatory and subsequent separation operations is grouped. The facility may be a dedicated plant on the site of the polymer installation, a central facility in the site containing the polymer installation, or an external urban WWTP connected by dedicated pipeline or a sewer with little risk of storm overflow prior to the WWTP. The central waste water plant is normally equipped with ... 

An external method for the treatment of reaction water is leading or transporting it to a biological waste water treatment plant (WWTP). 

Waste water in the produetion of polyester is mainly reaction water. This water is treated either on site or externally. An external method for the treatment of reaction water is leading or transporting it to a biological waste water treatment plant (WWTP) or in an anaerobic digester. 

The individual steps of mechanical and biological waste water treatment in the BASF plant (Ludwigshafen, FRG) [17, 18] are shown in Fig. 10. After neutralization of the... 

The identification and structural characterization of biological materials, obtained for example from plants, was traditionally carried out via the classical sequence involving extraction, separation, isolation and characterization, a sequence which requires large amounts of substance and a great deal of time. Industrial problems, for example the search for small amounts of contaminants in industrial products or in waste water, also require intensive analytical studies. 

In summary, we have demonstrated the successful operation of a "Permasep" RO pleint on biologically active feed waters by using the intermittent injection of iodine as a bacterial control measure. The use of this shock procedure allowed for steady, continuous performcince of the plant euid is expected to have significant impact on future applications of PA membranes to biological action as well as waste waters. 

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