Biologic response

PVDE is a nontoxic resin and may be safely used in articles intended for repeated contact with food (190). Based on studies under controked conditions, including acute oral, systemic, subchronic, and subacute contact implantation and tissue culture tests, no adverse toxicological or biological response has been found in test animals (191,192). PVDE is acceptable for use in processing and storage areas in contact with meat or poultry products prepared under federal inspection and it complies with the 3-A sanitary standards for dairy equipment. 

R. Renoux and co-workers, in Th. Klein and co-workers. Biological Response Modifiers in Human Oncology and Immunology, Plenum... 

Monomers containing reactive functional groups ia the ester moiety exhibit the toxicological profile of the functional group and should be considered on an iadividual basis. Consideration of methods of monomer manufacture may be appropriate, as by-products, even at trace levels, may affect the observed biological response. 

The principle of specific chemical recognition is common to ligand—macromolecule interactions, but this alone does not suffice to define a receptor in the pharmacologic sense. Rather, it is the combination of chemical specificity or recognition and the capacity to initiate biological response or transduction that define the pharmacologic receptor (1,10,11). 

Elucidation of the stmctural requirements for dmg interaction at the recognition site is by the study of stmcture—activity relationships (SAR), in which, according to a specific biologic response, the effects of systematic molecular modification of a parent dmg stmcture are determined. Such studies have permitted the classification of discrete classes of pharmacological receptors. For example, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine acts at both peripheral and central receptors which are of at least three distinct types. The effects of acetylcholine are mimicked in smooth and cardiac muscles and secretory... 

The biological response to chemical insult may take numerous forms, depending on the physicochemical properties of the material and the conditions of exposure. Listed below are some of the more significant and frequendy encountered types of injury or toxic response they may be defined in terms of tissue pathology, altered or aberrant biochemical processes, or extreme physiological responses. 

The biological response line for acute respiratory disease is a dose-response curve, which for a constant concentration becomes a duration-response curve. The shape of such a curve reflects the ability of the human body to cope with short-term, ambient concentration respiratory exposures and the overwhelming of the body s defenses by continued exposure. 

Injury any physical or biological response to pollutants, such as a change in metabolism, reduced photosynthesis, leaf necrosis, premature leaf drop, or chlorosis. 

We have already encountered the ir, a, and p quantities. The 8h term is inserted to account for the cavity effect. Equation (8-80) is a 12-parameter equation for which considerable generality is claimed, in that it is said to be applicable to chemical rates and equilibria, spectra, solubilities, partition coefficients, and even biological responses. Usually, of course, by judicious selection of solvents, it is possible to reduce the number of parameters by ensuring that some terms are negligible.An example requiring most of the parameters in Eq. (8-80) is the solvolysis/dehydrohalogenation of r-butyl chloride in 21 HBD and non-HBD solvents, for which this correlation was found ... 

Dose-Response Cune A graphical representation of the quantitative relationship between the administered, applied, or internal dose of a chemical or agent, and a specific biological response to that chemical or agent. 

Phthalimides with a-TNF production regulating activity as novel biological response modifiers (a-TNF is a-tumor necrotic factor) 97YZ91. 

Agonist. A compound that elicits a biologic response by mimicking an endogenous substance. 

Faneti/ole (122) is a biological response modifier with significant immunosuppressant activity It can be synthesized by conversion of 2 phen> lethylamine (120) with ammonium thio cyanate to the corresponding thiourea analogue 121 The synthesis of faneli/ole (122) concludes by thiazole nng formation of 121 by reaction with phenacylbromide Thus its synthesis involves use of the classic Hantzsch procedure in which a bromoacetone analogue and an appropriate thio urea denvative are reacted 143]... 

There are practical advantages to measuring biological responses in functional experiments and numerous formats are available to do this. 

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