Poultry by-products

In the United States, more than 16.3 x 10 kg of human-inedible raw materials are available each year, and the rendering industry is a valuable asset in diverting these into valuable ingredients for use primarily in animal foods (4). The three largest meat packers are responsible for nearly four-fifths of aU red meat production (5) and enormous amounts of rendered meat meal and animal fat. Three broiler producers account for about 40% of the total broiler production. American Proteins, Inc. (RosweU, Georgia), the world s largest processor of poultry by-products, produces more than 450,000 t of poultry meal, feather meal, and poultry fat each year. It also produces more than 100,000 t of fish meal, fish oil, and fish products each year. Pish meal production worldwide in 1986 was estimated at 6.23 x 10 t, which with the 125 x 10 t of meat and bone meal plus 6.67 x 10 t of feather meal and poultry by-product meal (6) is the primary source of animal proteins used by the pet food industry. 

Meat and Bone Meal Blood Meal Feather Meal Poultry By-Product Meal Menhaden Fishmeal... 

Yamka, R.M. D.L. Harmon WD. Schoenherr C. Khoo K.L. Gross S.J. Davidson D.K. Joshi. In vivo measurement of flatulence and nutrient digestibility in dogs fed poultry by-product meal, conventional soybean meal, and low-oligosaccharide low-phytate soybean meal. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2006, 67, 88-94. 

Muscle of poultry and swine, eggs, swine edible by-products... 

Coccidia are intracellular protazoal parasites that are frequently found in the intestinal epithelial cells of animals they are also found in other tissues (liver), and are usually transmitted by faecal infection. The potential for infection is at its highest when young animals are brought together in intensive housing systems (e.g. poultry-broiler production). As a result coccidiosis is a major issue for the poultry industry throughout the world. 

Variability may be higher in organic grains than in conventional grains, because of the fertilizer practices in organic grain production, but the data are inadequate at present. Cereal by-products tend to be more variable than the grains therefore, their use in poultry diets may have to be limited to achieve consistency of the formulations. 

This maize by-product can be used in poultry feeding and like maize gluten meal is a good source of yellow pigment. It is derived from ethanol production (as a fuel source or as liquor). This North American by-product is... 

The amount of wheat germ meal available for poultry feeding will usually be very limited, due to availability and cost since there are competing markets for these by-products. 

The major protein sources used in animal production are oilseed meals. Their use in poultry diets was reviewed by Ravindran and Blair (1992). Soybeans, groundnuts, canola and sunflowers are grown primarily for their seeds, which produce oils for human consumption and industrial uses. Cottonseed is a by-product of cotton production, and its oil is widely used for food and other purposes. In the past linseed (flax) was grown to provide fibre for linen cloth production. The invention of the cotton gin made cotton more available for clothing materials and the demand for linen cloth decreased. Production of linseed is now directed mainly to industrial oil production. Thus, soybean is clearly the predominant oilseed produced in the world. 

This by-product comprises the residue after starch removal. The composition of the dehydrated product can be quite variable (Edwards and Livingstone, 1990) depending on the content of potato solubles. The product has characteristics similar to those of raw potato and is not suitable for feeding to poultry. 

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