Biological Diversity and Psychotropic Responses

Genetic Polymorphism of Genes Encoding Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes 

N-Acety I transferase3 Alcohol dehydrogenase3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase3 Butyryl cholinesterase Catalase 

CYP1A2 Antidepressants amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, fluvoxamine Neuroleptics haloperidol, phenothiazines, thiothixene, clozapine, olanzapine Others tacrine, caffeine, theophylline, acetaminophen, phenacetin No report of polymorphism until 1999 significance of following findings remains unclear 1C reduced activity 23% in Japanese 1F higher inducibility 32% in Caucasians 

CYP2C19 Benzodiazepines diazepam Antidepressants imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, citalopram Others propranolol, hexobarbital, mephobarbital, proguanil, omeprazole, S-mephenytoin 2 no activity 23%-39% in Asians 13% in Caucasians 25% in African Americans 3 no activity 6%-10% in Asians 0% in others 

CYP2D6 Antidepressants amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, trimipramine, N-desmethyl-clomipramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, sertraline Neuroleptics chlorpromazine, thioridazine, perphenazine, haloperidol, reduced haloperidol, risperidone, clozapine, sertindole Others codeine, opiate, propranolol, dextromethorphan 4 no activity 25% in Caucasians 0%-10% in others 5 no activity 2%-10% in all groups 10 reduced activity 47%-70% in Asians 5% in others 17 reduced activity 25%-40% in blacks 0% in others 2XN increased activity 19%-29% in Arabs and Ethiopians 5% in others 

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