Bench Configuration

Educational laboratories often have island work benches, generally with a sink at one or both ends. Depending on room size, a peninsula arrangement could save considerable cost with no loss in efficiency. 

Although they are not too practical as work surfaces, comers 

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Q. Question 1 If the employer elects Option (4) of 29 CFR 1926.652(b) to provide the protective system for his excavation, and he retains a registered professional engineer (RPE) to design the slope and bench configurations, is the RPE design bound by the requirements and provisions of... 

Q. Question 2 The employer s RPE specified the soil as Type A and designed a sloping and benching configuration for an excavation 14 feet deep. It consists of 3 feet unsupported vertical sides at the lower portions of the excavation and 11 feet sloped cuts with % horizontal to 1 vertical at the upper portion of the excavation. In addition, in your September 14,2012 discussions with DOC staff, you indicated that the excavation for the particular project is intended to station (house) the pile driving equipment. Is this configuration in compliance with the excavation standard ... 

This paper intends to give, through different examples, guide-lines for characterization of array probes. We discuss, particularly, beam pattern measurement methods and raise the question whether it is useful to achieve a full characterization of all beams steered by the probe or to limit the characterization to a minimum set of acoustic configurations. An automatic bench for full characterization of tube inspection probes is described. 

The first step in space planning should be to estimate how much bench space wall be required. Benches must accommodate various pieces of permanently installed equipment and still have room for both frequently performed and special one-time tasks. Benches may be either installed against the wall or placed back to back in peninsulas or islands. The exact configuration will be worked out later. For now, what is important is the total number of running feet of bench space that will be required. 

The technique used to acquire the data in this paper was SNIFTIRS. A schematic diagram of the required apparatus is shown in Figure 5, and has been described in detail elsewhere. The FTIR spectrometer used was a vacuum bench Bruker IBM Model IR/98, modified so that the optical beam was brought upwards through the sample compartment and made to reflect from the bottom of the horizontal mercury surface. The methods used herein are adapted from a configuration that has been used by Bewick and co-workers (21) at Southampton. 

The electronic circuit of the safety sensor consists of a p-type silicon electrode, an LED, a resistor, two 3 V lithium batteries, and a platinum wire as a counter electrode, connected in series, as shown in the right part of Fig. 10.7. These components are assembled in a pen-like housing, optimized to measure even thin layers of liquid on a flat surface, as shown in the left part of Fig. 10.7. This configuration is advantageous if a puddle, observed for example under a wet bench or other equipment, is to be analyzed. 

The system in its current configuration is shown in Fig. 6.9. Since 1988, the system has been moved from a bench top to a custom vented enclosure to minimize exposure to organic fumes. The detectors, solvents and other necessary support devices are located below the robot work surface. Functionally, the robot still performs almost the same procedure as the initial system (dilution of samples), but there are a number of key differences. 

The system is based on an XP Zymate laboratory robot controlled with a 10 slot System V controller using software version XP VI.S2. The system incorporates commerdaUy available hardware, as well as custom hardware. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in Fig. 6.11. The robotic arm and the peripheral laboratory stations that the robotic arm interacts with to perform the appHcation are positioned in a circular configuration. The GC/MS is located adjacent to the bench top, such that the injection valve is close to the sipper station. Peripheral items of hardware with which the robotic arm does not directly interact with are outside the working envelope. 

Figure 4.11. a so liter bench fermenter that can be scaled for production of recombinant proteins. The bench-top scale configuration contains all the control valves and ports necessary to monitor and control cell cultivation while maintaining sterility of the culture. The stainless steal reaction vessel allows easy cleaning and permits heat and pressure sterilization in place by connecting the vessel to a steam supply. (New Brunswick Bioflo-4500, adapted from the manufacturer s literature with permission)... 

It is important to note that the small-scale agitator operations may be described in terms of impeller diameter and agitator speed, while manufacturing process equipment is more conveniently specified by horsepower and fluid velocity. For most standard turbine configurations, power number correlations are available to convert impeller diameter and agitator speed into a horsepower value for given fluid properties. Most laboratory bench equipment is designed to provide a torque measurement that can be readily converted to horsepower directly from the conditions of the pilot batches. 

Different capillary columns are available for organic acid separation and analysis. In our laboratory, the gas chromatography column in all GC-MS applications is crosslinked 5% phenyl (poly)methyl silicone, 25 m internal diameter 0.20 mm stationary phase film thickness 0.33 pm (Agilent HP-5, DB-5, or equivalent). Several instrument configurations are commercially available, which allow for positive identification of compounds by their mass spectra obtained in the electron impact ionization mode. A commercially available bench-top GC-MS system with autosampler (Agilent 6890/5973, or equivalent) is suitable. Software for data analysis is available and recommended. The use of a computer library of mass spectra for comparison and visualization of the printed spectra is required for definitive identification and interpretation of each patient specimen. 

Complete Cl, or full Cl, is configuration interaction with a configuration list which includes all possible configurations of proper spin and space symmetry in the chosen orbital space. As has been mentioned previously, the number of configurations in complete Cl will depend in an n-factorial way on the number of electrons and the number of orbitals and it will therefore quickly become too large to be handled. This method is therefore not very well suited as a standard model to solve quantum chemical problems. There are, however, two situations where an efficient complete Cl method is useful to have. The first of these is in connection with the CASSCF method which has been described in another chapter. The other is in connection with bench mark tests. Since any other Cl method selects configurations after some principle, a comparison to complete Cl is the way to check these principles out. We will therefore in this section briefly outline the main steps in the complete Cl method as it is carried out today. 

The system has been applied in several configurations on various test benches within different projects, which are here just briefly reported to... 

Figures 1-2 and 1-3 show two possible darkroom configurations. The size of either darkroom can be increased to accommodate a longer sink, drying cabinet, and the addition of a utility bench.

For the reactor inlet temperature to be markedly below 100°C (which avoids the corrosion and plugging problems ), fuel mass fractions equivalent to 25% CH3OH seem to be necessary for the thermal regime of a flame. This value is supported by experiments as well as it is by theory. In a future configuration it can be lowered if the following improvements in comparison to the presented bench-scale reactor are achieved ... 

The experimental results discussed in this case study are obtained on a fuel ceU power train installed on a laboratory test bench. It is constituted by a 3.5 kW electric drive connected in hybrid configuration to a 2 kW PEM fuel cell system (FCS) and an electrical energy storage system (lead batteries). The main technical specifications of the FCS are reported in Table 6.1, whereas its scheme is shown in Fig. 6.1 [1, 2]. 

The propulsion system is powered in a hybrid configuration by using lead batteries and the 20 kW PEM stack described in the above paragraphs. The experimental tests in dynamic operation are carried out on a laboratory test bench utilizing the European R40 driving cycle, varying both dynamics and maximum power of the test cycle for different hybridization levels between FCS and batteries. 

Axial filtration. In most of our bench-scale filtrations cross flow was effected by use of axial filters (10). In this configuration (Figure 4), a membrane is wrapped around a rotor, which is spun in a chamber, into which feed is introduced under pressure. The rotor is perforated, and passages are provided for filtrate (e.g., by an intervening screen) from the membrane to these holes. Filtrate exits through the axis. Rotation speeds providing velocities of up to about 15 ft/sec at the membrane-feed interface can be attained in available equipment. 

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