Probe array

Bostrom, A., Jansson, P-A., Developments of UTDefect rough cracks and probe arrays, SKI report 97 28, Stockholm, 1997. 

Troesch A et al. Mycobacterium species identification and rifampin resistance testing with high-density DNA probe arrays. J Clin Microbiol 1999 37 49-55. 

FIGURE 11.2 Photolithographic synthesis of oligonucleotide probe arrays. 

Soriano MA, Tessier M, Certa U, Gill R. 2000. Parallel gene expression monitoring using oligonucleotide probe arrays of multiple transcripts with an animal model of focal ischemia. J Gereb Blood Flow Metab 20 1045. 

Fig. 27 LF AFM image of a dual-probe array containing stripes of the complement (10 jjim) and control (5 xm) oligonucleotides. The length scale is 50 xm and the vertical scale is 250 mV [164]. Reprinted with permission...

As we will soon discover, microarray-based technologies have found utility in a number of fields. While DNA arrays are the most technically mature and have the broadest application portfolio, we have witnessed the ever-increasing generation of new kinds of probe arrays antibody, antigen, enzyme, aptamer, carbohydrate, tissue, cell, and small molecule microarrays. The list undoubtedly will continue to expand. We can also describe microarrays in terms of prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive roles. A few examples that examine these applications are provided. 

While the monitoring of infectious biological agents (bacteria and viruses) using DNA probe array technology is well known, many of the applications involve identification of allele-specific targets. Conversely, examining... 

Mahadevappa, M. and Warrington, J.A., A high-density probe array sample preparation method using 10- to 100-fold fewer cells. Nature Biotechnol., 17, 1134-1136, 1999. 

As the density of information derived from efforts to sequence, map and identify human genes increased, so did the demand for analytical tools capable of exploiting this information. DNA microarrays were developed in response to this demand. Southern(69) was the first to describe parallel, in situ ohgonucleotide synthesis as a means of generating oligonucleotide probe arrays on solid supports for highly parallel hybridization analysis. Southern s method uses standard nucleotide synthetic reactions to synthesize the oligonucleotides. The reactions are carried out in a movable chamber, which provides a physical barrier between the reaction chamber and the intended synthesis area. 

The cantilevers chip was mounted in a standard cantilever holder and was coated with 27 nm thick Cr to ensure good electrical conductivity. Aligning the probe array parallel to the sample surface was achieved using the internal laser signal feedback control system of the... 

Fig. 1. Light-directed synthesis of polynucleotide probe arrays. Exposure to light through a photolithographic mask is used to remove protecting groups from surface sites in pre-defined regions of a functionalized glass substrate. A solution of an activated polynucleotide building block is then applied, which reacts specifically in the exposed regions of the substrate. Repeated cycles of illumination-deprotection and monomer coupling are used to construct a two-dimensional array of probe sequences...

Table 1. Combinatorial synthesis of polynucleotide probe arrays...

Tanghe SJ, Wise KD (1992) Iridium Oxide High-Performance Stimulating Sites for Multielectrode Probe Arrays, Center for Integrated Sensors and Circuits, Course of the University of Michigan... 

Cronin, M.T., Fucini, R.V., Kim, S.M., Masino, R.S., Wespi, R.M. and Miyada, C.G. (1996) Cystic Fibrosis mutation detection by hybridization to hght-generated DNA probe arrays. Human Mutation, 7 244-255. 

Lipshutz RJ, Morris D, Chee M, Hubbell E, Kozal MJ, Shah N, Shen N, Yang R, Fodor SP. Using oligonucleotide probe arrays to access genetic diversity. Bio techniques 1995 19(3) 442—7. Review. 

Tjaden B, Saxena RM, Stolyar S, Haynor DR, Kolker E, Rosenow C. Transcriptome analysis of Escherichia coh using high-density ohgonucleotide probe arrays. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 30(17) 3732-3738. 

A new method for the removal of the 5 -0-DMT group during the synthesis of ODNs on a microarray has been studied" which uses all the steps involved in phosphoramidite synthesis, but uses a photogenerated acid (PGA) rather than trichloroacetic acid to deprotect. The photolabile 3 -0- [2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxy]carbonyl -protected 5 -phosphoramidites (5) have been prepared for the 5 ->3 light-directed synthesis of DNA on microarrays." Developments for the synthesis of high-density DNA probe arrays employ nucleoside monomers protected with 5 -(a-methyl-6-nitropiperonyloxycarbonyl) (MeN-POC) with proximity photolithography, which is currently capable of printing 10 m probe features at a density of 10 probes/cm. "... 

The electroresistivity probe, recently proposed by Burgess and Calder-bank (B32, B33) for the measurement of bubble properties in bubble dispersions, is a very promising apparatus. A three-dimensional resistivity probe with five channels was designed in order to sense the bubble approach angle, as well as to measure bubble size and velocity in sieve tray froths. This probe system accepts only bubbles whose location and direction coincide with the vertical probe axis, the discrimination function being achieved with the aid of an on-line computer which receives signals from five channels communicating with the probe array. Gas holdup, gas-flow specific interfacial area, and even gas and liquid-side mass-transfer efficiencies have been calculated directly from the local measured distributions of bubble size and velocity. The derived values of the disper-... 

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