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ASTM standards sampling procedures

The mechanical properties of tyrosine-derived poly(iminocarbon-ates) were investigated using the procedures described in ASTM standard D882-83 (Table 2). Solvent-cast, thin polymer films were prepared, cut into the required shape, and tested in an Instron stress strain tester. Since the films were unoriented, noncrystalUne samples, the results are representative of the bulk properties of the polymers. In order to put these results into perspective, several commercial polymers were tested under identical conditions. In addition, some literature values were included in Table 2. [Pg.222]

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organisations (ASTM, AOAC International, EPA, etc.), see ref. [64]. Examples are standard test methods for carbon black/ash content (ASTM Method D 1506-97), lead analysis in direct paint samples (ASTM Method E 1645-94), etc. Table 8.15 shows some microwave ashing references (detection weight). A French AFNOR method utilises the atmospheric pressure single-mode microwave method as an alternative sample preparation procedure for Kjeldahl nitrogen determination [84], The performance of a microwave-assisted decomposition for rapid determination of glass fibre content in plastics for QC has been described [85]. [Pg.604]

The precision of a test method is the variability between test results obtained on the same material using a specific test method (ASTM, 2004 Patnaik, 2004). The precision of a test is usually unrelated to its accuracy. The results may be precise, but not necessarily accurate. In fact, the precision of an analytical method is the amount of scatter in the results obtained from multiple analyses of a homogeneous sample. To be meaningful, the precision study must be performed using the exact sample and standard preparation procedures that will be used in the final method. Precision is expressed as repeatability and reproducibility. [Pg.173]

Phosphorus is a common component of additives and appears most commonly as a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate or triaryl phosphate ester, but other forms also occur. Two wet chemical methods are available, one of which (ASTM D1091) describes an oxidation procedure that converts phosphorus to aqueous orthophosphate anion. This is then determined by mass as magnesium pyrophosphate or photochemically as molybdivanadophosphoric acid. In an alternative test (ASTM D4047), samples are oxidized to phosphate with zinc oxide, dissolved in acid, precipitated as quinoline phosphomolybdate, treated with excess standard alkali, and back-titrated with standard acid. Both of these methods are used primarily for referee samples. Phosphorus is most commonly determined using x-ray fluorescence (ASTM D4927) or ICP (ASTM D4951). [Pg.275]

In large gas ducts or large diameter pipes carrying liquids it may be necessary to use multiple probes (Fig. 6.59/) or long probes with multiple inlets. ASTM Standard D4177(82) specifies sampling procedures required to obtain representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products and similar methods can be employed in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicals. [Pg.525]

Emission test chambers, cells and analytical procedures are now standardized by ISO, ASTM and other authorities (see Table 5.1). However, it is interesting to note that only the ASTM standards take sink effects (see Section 5.3) into account Different types of testing facilities have different properties regarding amount of test specimen, dynamics, time, result and cost. In a small device the test is generally time efficient, but on the other hand sample inhomogeneities will significantly influence the results. In Figure 5.3 some trends are shown in dependency of the chamber/cell size. [Pg.104]

The compounds making up the catalyst sample can be clearly identified in the XRD pattern. Cupric oxide produces the peaks labeled C, zinc oxide the peaks labeled Z, and y-alumina the peaks labeled A in Fig. 12. Not only does the XRD pattern qualitatively identify the phases present in the catalyst, but the quantity of each phase can be determined by measuring the area under selected diffraction peaks relative to a standard. An example of quantitative analysis by XRD is found in the ASTM Standard Procedure D3906-80 for NaY zeolite in a cracking catalyst. [Pg.116]

Calorimetric methods are infrequently used for routine quality control purposes because of their non-specific nature and relatively slow speed. However, data from calorimetry experiments are commonly presented in applications for new product licenses and in support of patent applications. To ensure the integrity of all calorimetry data, normal procedures for good laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, appropriate calibration methods, and regular instrument servicing are necessary. The use of DSC for the measurement of transition temperatures and sample purity is described in the United States Pharmacopoeia, and standard procedures for DSC analyses are also suggested by the ASTM (100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428). [Pg.403]

Thermal analysis involves observation of the usually very delicate response of a sample to controlled heat stimuli. The elements of thermal-analysis techniques have been known since 1887 when Le Chatelier used an elementary form of differential thermal analysis to study clays (4), but wide application did not come until the introduction of convenient instrumentation by du Pont, Perkin-Elmer, Mettler and other sources in the 1960 s. Currently, instrumentation and procedures are commercially available for DTA, DSC, TGA, TMA, and a number of so-called hyphenated methods. Several methods are currently under study by ASTM committees for consideration as to their suitability for adoption as ASTM standards. [Pg.389]

ASTM standards have been published that define procedures for grouted sample preparation and for Unconfined Compression tests to determine strength indices (D-4320). Use of these standards should permit valid comparisons of strength data from different sources. [Pg.188]

Staff usually the chain of custody for a sample starts with the receipt of the sample in the laboratory. Once the laboratory acquires the sample, however, it is the laboratory s responsibility to have a system for unique identification of each sample, sample handling, storage and retention procedures, as well as safe disposal procedures. Identification of the population from which the sample is to be obtained, selection and withdrawal of valid gross samples of this population, and reduction of each gross sample to a laboratory sample suitable for the analytical technique to be used are some of the key steps to be considered in obtaining a representative sample for analysis [2]. Equally important is documented chain of custody procedures to authenticate and maintain the sample integrity. Several ASTM standards deal with sampling aspects for the analysis of petroleum products and lubricants ... [Pg.6]

Current methods for sampling and analysis are known to be problematic and prone to error. Several wet chemical impinger-based methods have been approved for the determination of total Hg in flue gas. These include US EPA method 29 and lOlA. More recently, diese methods have been modified to enable the speciation of particulate, oxidized, and elemental mercury. The most commonly used procedure is the ASTM Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (D 6784-02) known as the Ontario Hydro Method. This method was developed by public consultation with ASTM membership. [Pg.214]

An EPA-approved procedure for the analysis of plutonium in water is listed in Table 6-2. In addition, the following ASTM standard methods relate to the measurement of plutonium in water D 3648, D 3084, D 3972, and D 1943 (ASTM 1981, 1982a, 1982b, 1987). Recent work has focused on more rapid analytical methods in order to determine monitor plutonium levels in waste process streams at nuclear facilities. For example, Edelson et al. (1986) have investigated the applications of inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-EAS) to routinely analyze water samples. [Pg.120]

TOC Total organic carbon (TOC) is analyzed in accordance with those procedures specified by the manufacturer (model DC-190, Rosemount Analytical, Inc., Dohrmann Division) as well as those in the ASTM Standard Method 505A Organic Carbon (Total) Combustion-Infrared Method [308,309].The analyzer determines TOC by calculating the difference between the measured total carbon (TC) and inorganic carbon (IC) content of a sample. [Pg.162]

Many plastic families have their own ASTM and ISO guidelines for testing. These guidelines provide standard testing procedures including sample preparation and often define die subclassification of the plastic products. Some of these standards are given in Table 1.8. [Pg.15]


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