Ontario Hydro

DPSE, like all subsequent Ontario Hydro PSAs, used the SETS code consequently it is constructed entirely of fault trees, although simple event trees were drawn to describe the accident sequences which were then redone as high-level fault trees for ten Fuel Damage Categories (ITX s) and five Plant Release Categories (PRCs) into which the system-level fault trees were merged to get the results in Table 11.2-1. 

The Pickering A Risk Assessment (PARA) (Ontario Hydro, 1995) is also a level 3 PSA for 1 of the 4 units at Pickering. A difference between PARA and DPSE is that sequences beyond the design basis were modeled using the MAAP-CANDU codes with best estimate assumptions. Other parts of the analysis used licensing-type conservative assumptions. 

Ontario Hydro, 1987, Darlington Probabilistic Safety Evaluation. ... 

Canadian Electric Utility Reliability Performance SOURCE Ontario Hydro, May 1, 1998. 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 was unprecedented in Canadian electric power system history. The Ontario Hydro Report provides a chronology of the twenty-three major storms that have impacted the system since 1942. The report also provides a detailed inventory of the effects, consequences, and mitigation measures taken due to the ice storm. The estimated direct total cost to Ontario due to the ice storm is 472 inillioii (Canadian), which includes costs incurred by Ontario I lydro, local Ontario and federal governments, the Insurance Bureau of Canada and associated insurance companies, the Department of National Defence, and affected customers, incliidiiig... 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 can clearly be seen by realizing that the number of customer interruptions and the customer hours of interruption for all of Canada in 1997 were 24,280,244 and 38,130,783, respectively. The ice storm alone resulted in 12,332,950 customer interruptions and 282,576,829 customer hours of interruption in the utilities affected. Removing the ice storm incidents from the 1998 Canada-wide data results in a SAIFI of 2.46 and a SAIDI of 3.40. The lOR is 99.9612 percent. Ice Storm 98 had only a relatively moderate effect on SAIFI but a dominant effect on the customer hours of interruption and the SAIDI statistic due to the extremely long storm duration and the required restoration period. It is important to realize that the bulk transmission system retained its integrity according to NERC criteria, and the impact of the ice storm on Ontario Hydro facilities did not propagate into neighboring interconnected utilities. 

Ontario Hydro. (1998). Ice Storm 98 Electricity Supply Impacts of the Januaiy 1998 Ice Storm in Eastern Ontario. Toronto Author. 

D P Dautovich, MSc, PhD Corrosion Engineer, Research Division, Ontario Hydro, Canada... 

SONOX A process for simultaneously removing S02 and NOx from flue-gas. A slurry of lime or limestone, with a proprietary nitrogen-based additive, is injected into the furnace. Developed by Ontario Hydro (the largest electricity supplier in North America) and marketed by Research-Cottrell. 

The large industrial scale GS plant (lOOkgh-1, 700t year-1, 99.8% D20 product) operated by Ontario Hydro at Bruce Ontario for more than 20 years was... 

A 250 kilowatt atmospheric system is planned for a Toronto, Ontario, Canada site. The system will be operated by Ontario Power Technologies (formerly Ontario Hydro). The unit will supply 145 kilowatts of heat to the site heating system. Electric efficiency is expected to be about 47% (LHV). Operation of the combined heat and power system is expected in late 2001. 

Siemens Westinghouse, in conjunction with Ontario Hydro Technologies, tested AES cells at pressures up to 15 atmospheres on both hydrogen and natural gas (22). Figure 8-8 illustrates the performance at various pressures ... 

Canada Ontario Hydro has tested a single Siemens-Westinghouse cell for 1725 hours. Over 1425 of the hours were at elevated pressure of 5 atm. 

There is no detailed documentation of the number of chemists and chemical engineers employed in the nuclear power industry. Within AECL there are 300 in a total staff of 6000 (5%). Within Ontario Hydro (26) there are approximately 145 in a total staff of 3300 associated with nuclear power generation (4.4%). The Canadian Nuclear Association (CNA) estimates that in 1976 there were about 18,400 people employed in the Canadian nuclear industry, excluding the uranium industry (27) If about 4% of these were chemists or chemical engineers, one can estimate that a total of about 700 were employed in the industry at that time. There is likely to be considerable expansion of the industry by 1985, particularly in the utilities such as Ontario Hydro, Hydro Quebec, and New Brunswick Power which already have additional nuclear capacity under construction. The expansion will in turn provide new opportunities for members of this profession. 

Fig. 25. Series of towers comprising part of the heavy water production plant at Ontario Hydro s Bruce nuclear power complex near Tiverton on the shores of Lake Huron. Heavy water is a clear, colorless liquid that looks and tastes like ordinary water. It occurs naturally in ordinary water in the proportion of approximately one part heavy water to 7000 parts of ordinary water. While ordinary water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen (H20), heavy water (D.-1.0) is made of up of deuterium—a form, or isotope, of hydrogen—and oxygen. Deuterium is heavier than hydrogen in that it has an extra neutron in its atomic nucleus, so heavy water weighs about 10% more than ordinary water. It also has different freezing and boiling points. It is the extra neutron that makes heavy water more suitable than ordinary water for use in CANDU nuclear reactors as both a moderator and a heat transport medium. (Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Ontario, Canada)...

Fig. 28. Pickering (Ontario) A generating station s initial performance was outstanding and the station was hailed as a major Canadian technological achievement at the time of its commissioning in Februaiy 1971. It reached full power in 3 months, well ahead of schedule. The final Unit 4 went on line in May 1973. At full output (2,160,(NX) kW), Pickering A" generates enough power to supply more than 1.5 million homes. In 1974, construction was begun on a twin station, Pickering B,n also shown in this view. The B station has the same capacity as its forerunner and all tour units became operational in 1986. (Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Ontario, Canada)...

Rodgers, D.W., Schroder, J. and Sheehan, L.V. (1996) Comparison of Daphnia magna, rainbow trout and bacterial-based toxicity tests of Ontario Hydro aquatic effluents, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 90 (1-2), 105-112. 

Rodgers DW, Evans DW, Sheehan LV. Toxicity reduction on Ontario hydro radioactive liquid waste. Water Air Soil Pollut 1996 90 219-229. 

K.Y. Wong, "Canadian Tritium Experience , CFFTP, Ontario Hydro (1984). 

First standalone CERs, e.g. Ontario Hydro, Canada First Responsible Care Programme in W. Europe chemicals industry launched in UK... 

McCredie, J. Elston, K. E. Program Review of Ontario Hydro s Nuclear... 

Finite-element modelling of effects of past and future glaciation on the host rock of a used nuclear fuel waste vault. Ontario Hydro Nuclear Waste Management Division Report No. 06819-REP-01200-0020 ROO. Written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited for Ontario Hydro (now Ontario Power Generation), Toronto,... 

Chan, T., Scheier, N.W. and Stanchell, F.W. 2000. MOTIF Version 3.2 Verification and Validation Report. Prepared by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited for Ontario Hydro. Ontario Hydro Report 06819-REP-01200-0090 ROO. Toronto, Canada. 

Current methods for sampling and analysis are known to be problematic and prone to error. Several wet chemical impinger-based methods have been approved for the determination of total Hg in flue gas. These include US EPA method 29 and lOlA. More recently, diese methods have been modified to enable the speciation of particulate, oxidized, and elemental mercury. The most commonly used procedure is the ASTM Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle-Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal-Fired Stationary Sources (D 6784-02) known as the Ontario Hydro Method. This method was developed by public consultation with ASTM membership. 

One of the major disadvantages of the mercury measurement is the industry standard Ontario Hydro method. Whereas most mercury OEMs provide data every few minutes, the results from the Ontario Hydro method are often not available for 1-3 months. Experience from our research shows that the system described above will operate reliably over long periods of time and will provide data that compare well with the industry standard method. Figure 6 shows results of the series tests comparing the wet impinger based system with the Ontario Hydro method. The mercury OEM data agrees to within 10 % of the Ontario Hydro method, and it is available within a few minutes of the measurement being taken. 

Initiatives and Payback No. 10, Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Canada (1988). 

Sanio MR, Schmidt PS. A procedure for estimating capital and operating costs of dielectric heating equipment. Report TSDD-89-011. Ontario Hydro of Canada. Toronto, 1989. 

Woods BG. Electrical load reduction via infrasonic enhancement of process heat transfer and drying. Ontario Hydro Research Division. Report 91-68-K. Toronto, 1991. 

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