ASTM, American Society for Testing

As seen in Chapter 2, mixtures of hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions are analyzed in the laboratory using precise standards published by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and incorporated for the most part into international (ISO), European (EN) and national (NF) collections. We wiil recall below the methods utilizing a classification by boiling point ... 

The national organizations are often relayed into each profession by a body created and financed by this profession and which undertakes all or part of the work in preparing the standards. In the petroleum industry, this role is carried out in France by the BNPet (Bureau de Normalisation du Petrole) and in Germany by the FAM (Fachausschuss Mineralol-und Brennstoffnormung), in the United Kingdom by the IP (Institute of Petroleum), and in the USA by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). In the first two cases, the standards are published only by the national organizations (AFNOR and DIN respectively), while the IP and the ASTM also publish their own documents, only some of which are adopted by the BSI and ANSI, respectively. 

Chart showing hierarchical relationship among a technique, methods using that technique, and procedures and protocols for one method. (Abbreviations APHA = American Public Health Association, ASTM = American Society for Testing Materials, EPA = Environmental Protection Agency)... 

ASTM = American Society for Testing Materials GPA = Gas Processors Association. 

John D. Bacha, Ph.D., Consulting Scientist, Chevron Products Company Member, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants American Chemical Society International Association for Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, Steering Committee (Section 27, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)... 

Certain properties of a liquid fuel are measured routinely in a laboratory for characterization purposes. Besides density and viscosity, these properties include the pour point, the cloud point, and the flash point. Standard ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) procedures are available for their determination. 

ABS—American Bureau of Shipping A ISC—American Institute of Steel Construction AISI—American Iron and Steel Institute ANSI—American National Standard Institute API—American Petroleum Institute ASA—American Standards Association ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials AWS—American Welding Society... 

Conduct in-house inhibitor tests to determine which inhibitor and at what concentration to use. The tests must be conducted following the recommended practices of NACE or ASTM. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) publish standards for such tests. 

ASTM American Society for Testing CN cellulose nitrate (celluloid)... 

The exact composition and proportion of these additives in a certain type of fluid depends on the intended use. Hydraulic fluids are compounded to conform to performance-based standards such as Military or ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specifications. Some examples of Military specifications are shown in Table 3-2. Many different formulations can be compounded to conform to one performance standard. It should be noted that the variability among these products or even within products with the same trade names may confuse efforts to determine environmental and health effects of hydraulic fluids at hazardous waste landfills since hydraulic fluids that are currently used may or may not contain the same components present in old products of the same name. 

The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) has published a Standard Practice for General Techniques for Qualitative Analysis (Method E 1252-88). The method describes techniques useful for qualitative evaluation of liquids, solids, and gases using the spectral measurement region of 4000 to 50 cm 1 (above 2500 nm) [1, 2],... 

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials, a voluntary group in which members devise consensus standards for materials characterization and use. 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency SIGMA Sigma Chemicals, Plant Culture Cell , Seawater synthetic basal salt mixture ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Apha American Public Health Association. 

AOAC = Assocition of Official Analytical Chemists ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials Cl = chemical ionization ECD = electron capture detection ELCD = electrolytic conductivity detector EPA = Environmental Protection Agency GC = gas chromatography GPC = gel permeation chromatography ... 

ASTM American Society for Testing and CQV continuous quality verification... 

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). (1988). Standard guide for conducting 10-day static sediment toxicity tests with marine and estuarine amphipods. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Pesticides, Resource Recovery, Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responses, Waste Disposal, Biological Effects, 11.04, ASTM E 1367. Ed. by ASTM, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 732-757. 

Other publications, which include "Interstate Commerce Commission Rules and Regulations for the Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles , and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Dl209-69 publication, entitled "Standard Method of Test for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale) are listed in the same Spec... 

Note The ASTM (American Society for Testing Material) uses a different test for rejection of an outlier, called the reduced central value z,- = (x, — x)/s, which has its own table of critical values. 

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