Antiretrovirals

Abacavir (Ziagen) Amprenavir (Agenerase) Delavircline (Rescriptor) Diclanosine [ddl] (Videx) Efavirenz (Sustiva) Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/ Tenofovir (Atripla) Fosamprenavir (Lexiva) [Pg.36]

Acyclovir (Zovirax) Adefovir (Hepsera) Amantadine (Symmetrel) Atazanavir (Reyataz) Cidofovir (Vistide) Emtricitabine (Emtriva) Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) Famciclovir (Famvir) Foscamet (Foscavir) [Pg.36]

Lamivudine (Epivir, Epivir-HBV) Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) [Pg.36]

Nelfinavir (Viracept) Nevirapine (Viramune) Raltegravir (Isentress) Ritonavir (Norvir) Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase) [Pg.36]

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Palivizumab (Synagis) Peg Interferon Alfa-2a (Pegsys) [Pg.36]

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) - an angiogenic-inflammatory neoplasm - is the most prevalent cancer in HIV-infected patients and its appearance is preceded by infection with human Heipesvitus-8 (HHV-8). Although chemotherapy has become the treatment of choice approved by the FDA, there are also good response rates in patients treated with IFN-a. Fortunately, today highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the incidence of KS in AIDS patients. [Pg.645]

So far, five different protease inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of HIV infection [3, 4]. Clinical trials in which protease inhibitors were evaluated in monotherapy demonstrated the potency of this class of inhibitors (decrease in HIV RNA levels, increase in CD4 cell counts). Treatment regimens were subsequently broadened to include reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with protease inhibitors. The result of these clinical trials has led to a list of guidelines with recommendations for the optimal treatment options. Prolonged control of the infection with combination therapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART ) could be shown. [Pg.1286]

Seth RB, Sun L, Chen ZJ (2006) Antiviral innate immunity pathways. Cell research 16 141-147 Shapiro RL, Thior I, Gilbert PB, Lockman S, Wester C, Smeaton LM, Stevens L, Heymann SJ, Ndung u T, Gaseitsiwe S et al. (2006) Maternal single-dose nevirapine versus placebo as part of an antiretroviral strategy to prevent mother-to-chUd HIV transmission in Botswana. Aids 20 1281-1288... [Pg.24]

Mitochondria-associated toxicities, such as pancreatitis, are frequently demonstrated in HlV/HCV-coinfected individuals, and may significantly influence treatment options (de Mendoza and Soriano 2005). Yet, no cell culture or animal models have been developed to predict nucleoside-induced pancreatitis. Nevertheless, an association of HCV replication and mitochondrial DNA depletion in primary human lymphocytes obtained from HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals under concomitant administration of HCV and HIV medications was demonstrated by de Mendoza and coworkers (de Mendoza et al. 2007). They claimed that the use of HCV medication together with certain antiretroviral agents seemed to enhance mitochondrial damage due to a synergistic deleterious interaction between the anti-HCV and anti-HIV drugs. In contrast, an improvement in mitochondrial content with effective... [Pg.41]

Boffito M, Back DJ, Blaschke TF, Rowland M, Bertz RJ, Gerber JG, Miller V (2003) Protein binding in antiretroviral therapies. AIDS Res Hum Retrovimses 19 825-835 Bressanelli S, Tomei L, Roussel A, Incitti 1, Vitale RL, Mathieu M, De Francesco R, Rey FA (1999) Crystal stmcture of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C vims. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 13034-13039... [Pg.46]

For the treatment of AIDS, TDF is now available in three commercial preparations, as such (Viread ), in combmation with emtricitabine (Truvada ) and m combination with emtricitabme and efavirenz (Atripla ). The latter represents a three-drugs-in-once combination piU, which has become available for the treatment of AIDS since July 2006. The different milestones mat marked the development and ultimate commercialization of Atripla (m 2006) smce the original identification of adefovir as an antiretroviral agent (m 1986) have been previously reviewed (De Clercq 2006, 2007a-c). [Pg.70]

Balzarini J, Schols D, Van Laethem K, De Clercq E, Hockovd D, Masojidkova M, Holy A (2007) Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidines, J Antimicrob Chemother 59 80-86 Beadle JR, Wan WB, Ciesla SL, Keith KA, Hartline C, Kern ER, Hostetler KY (2006) Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl derivatives of 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine against cytomegalovirus and orthopoxviruses, J Med Chem 49 2010-2015... [Pg.79]

Hoetelmans RM (1999) Pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs. Antivir Ther 4(Suppl 3) 29 1 Hoffman NG, Schiffer CA, Swanstrom R (2003) Covariation of amino add positions in HlV-1 protease. Virology 314 536-548... [Pg.105]

Melino S, Paci M (2007) Progress for dengue virus diseases. Towards the NS2B-NS3pro inhibition for a therapeutic-based approach. FEES J 274 2986-3002 Murphy RL, Brun S, Hicks C, Eron JJ, GuUck R, King M, White AC Jr, Benson C, Thompson M, Kessler HA, Hammer S, Bertz R, Hsu A, Japour A, Sun E (2001) ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection 48-week results. AIDS 15 E1-E9... [Pg.107]

St Clair MH, Millard J, Rooney J, Tisdale M, Party N, Sadler BM, Blum MR, Painter G (1996) In vitro antiviral activity of 141W94 (VX-478) in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Antiviral Res 29 53-56... [Pg.108]

Examples of the new generation of NNRTIs are etravirine (TMC125) and rilpivirine (TMC278), with activity against both wild type and resistant viral isolates. Etravirine was approved by the US Food and Drag Administration in lanuary 2008 and is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in antiretroviral treatment-experienced adult patients who have evidence of viral replication and HIV-1 strains resistant to an NNRTI and other ARV agents. [Pg.158]

Consequently, S-1360, a triazole analogue of DKA, was the first integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) to enter clinical trials, but the development was stopped during phase Eli (Billich 2003). Subsequently, a novel series of potent INSTIs, which replaced the 1,3-diketo acid moiety by an isosteric 8-hydroxy-1,6-naphthyridine core, showed improved metabohc stabihty (Zhuang et al. 2003). The compound L-870,810 moved into clinical trials, where it provided proof of concept in antiretroviral therapy-experienced and antiretroviral therapy-naive... [Pg.160]

The reason for the apparently superior antiretroviral activity of raltegravir compared with efavirenz is currently not understood. Several hypotheses have been advanced first, it has been proposed that raltegravir may have superior pharmacokinetic properties that allow it to penetrate more efficiently into HIV sanctuaries such as the gut-associated lymphatic tissue and may thus be more potent at targeting major in vivo-reservoirs of HIV replication (Murray et al. 2007). [Pg.161]

Gruzdev B, Rakhmanova A, Doubovskaya E, Yakovlev A, Peelers M, Rinehart A, de Dier K, Baede-van Dijk B, Parys W, van t Klooster G (2003) A randomized, double-bhnd, placebo-controlled trial of TMC125 as 7-day monotherapy in antiretroviral n Ve, HIV-1 infected subjects. AIDS 17 2487-2494... [Pg.172]

Herandez J, Amador L, Amantea M, Chao H, Hawley P, Paradise L (2000) Short-course monotherapy with AG1549, a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), in antiretroviral naive patients. In 7th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections. San Francisco, CA, Abstract 669... [Pg.173]

Louie M, Hogan C, Di Mascio M, Hurley A, Simon V, Rooney J, Ruiz N, Brun S, Sun E, Perelson AS, Ho DD, Markowitz M (2003) Determining the relative efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 187 896-900... [Pg.173]

Markowitz M, Nguyen BY, Gotuzzo E, Mendo F, Ratanasuwan W, Kovacs C, Prada G, Morales-Ramirez JO, Crumpacker CS, Isaacs RD, Glide LR, Wan H, Miller MD, Wenning LA, Teppler H Protocol 004 Part II Study Team (2007) Rapid and durable antiretroviral effect... [Pg.173]

Shimura K, Kodama E, Sakagami Y, Matsuzaki Y, Watanabe W, Yamataka K, Watanabe Y, Ohata Y, Doi S, Sato M, Kano M, Ikeda S, Matsuoka M (2008) Broad antiretroviral activity and resistance profile of the novel human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitor elvitegravir (JTK-303/GS-9137). J Virol 82 764-774... [Pg.175]

Lalezari JP, Eron JJ, Carlson M, Cohen C, DeJesus E, Arduino RC, Gallant JE, Volberding P, Murphy RL, Valentine F, Nelson EL, Sista PR, Dusek A, KUby JM (2003b) A phase II clinical study of the long-term safety and antiviral activity of enfuvirtide-based antiretroviral therapy. Aids 17 691-698... [Pg.197]

Lalezari JP, Bellos NC, Sathasivam K, Richmond GJ, Cohen CJ, Myers RA Jr, Henry DH, Rask-ino C, Melby T, Murchison H, Zhang Y, Spence R, Greenberg ML, Demasi RA, Miralles GD (2005b) T-1249 retains potent antiretroviral activity in patients who had experienced virological failure while on an enfuvirtide-containing treatment regimen. J Infect Dis 191 1155-1163... [Pg.197]

Zhang XQ, Sorensen M, Fung M, Schooley RT (2006) Synergistic in vitro antiretroviral activity of a humanized monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody (TNX-355) and enfuvirtide (T-20), Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 2231-2233... [Pg.202]

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