Forensic drug analysis

Tagliaro F, Smyth WF, Turrina S, Deyl Z, Marigo M (1995) Capillary electrophoresis A new tool in forensic toxicology. Applications and prospects in hair analysis for illicit drugs. Forensic Sci Int 7(fc93-104. 

Garriott JC. Skeletal muscle as an alternative specimen for alcohol and drug analysis. J Forensic Sci 1991 36 60-9. 

A.benztropine, various alkaloids Various drugs of forensic interest Analysis drugs of abuse(Tab1e 7.8) Partisi 1 6 pm 250x4.6 MeOH-2M NH.0H-1M NH.NO,(27 2 l) Me0H-0.2M NH.N0,(3 2) n j 12 ... 

Goldberger, B. A., Huestis, M. A., Wilkins, D. G. (1997). Commonly practiced quality control and quality assurance procedures for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in forensic urine drug-testing laboratories. Forensic Sci Rev, 9, 59-80. 

CE offers two powerful modes of separation for the forensic drugs, which can be complementary to each other, CZE and MEKC. Early work has shown the promise of CE for drug analysis. Drug screening by CE is a very enormous task, which requires large effort for building up a computerized database for all the controlled substances with their mobility and spectral data. 

See also Carbohydrates Sugars - Spectrophotometric Methods Sugars - Chromatographic Methods. Clinical Analysis Overview. Forensic Sciences Systematic Drug Identification. Liquid Chromatography Amino Acids. Vitamins Overview Fat-Soluble Water-Soluble. 

Sample Handling. Forensic Sciences Blood Analysis Explosives Systematic Drug Identification. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Nuclear Overhauser Effect. Pharmaceutical Analysis Drug Purity Determination Sample Preparation. 

See also Bioassays Oven/iew Microbial Tests. Clinical Analysis Overview. Food and Nutritional Analysis Overview. Forensic Sciences Overview Drug Screening in Sport. History of Analytical Science. Microscopy Overview. Spot Tests. Structural Elucidation. 

Hewlett, S.E. and Steiner, R.R. 2011. Validation of thin layer chromatography with AccuTOF-DART detection for forensic drug analysis, J. Forensic Sci., 56 1261-1267. 

See also DNA Analysis Drug Testing Forensic Science Hematology Immunology and Vaccination Parasitology Veterinary Science Virology. 

Clinical Analysis Clinical, pharmaceutical, and forensic labs make frequent use of gas chromatography for the analysis of drugs. Because the sample s matrix is often incompatible with the GC column, analytes generally must be isolated by extraction. Figure 12.25b shows how gas chromatography can be used in monitoring blood alcohol levels. 

Analysis of alkaloids, barbiturates, and other drugs and poisons in forensic science 97AC123R. 

Comprehensive two-dimensional GC has also been employed for the analysis of pesticides from serum, which, although not strictly a forensic analytical problem , provides an example of the promise of this technique to forensic applications, such as the analysis of drugs of abuse (40). Two-dimensional gas chromatograms of a 17-pesticide standard and an extract from human serum are shown in Figure 15.13. The total analysis time of about 5 min, high peak capacity and the separation of all... 

R. H. Liu and D. E. Gadzala, Handbook of Drug Analysis Applications in Forensic and Clinical Laboratories, Oxford University Press, New York (1997). 

As with urine, saliva (spumm) is easy to collect. The levels of protein and lipids in saliva or spumm are low (compared to blood samples). These matrices are viscous, which is why extraction efficiency of xenobioties amoimts to only 5 to 9%. By acidifying the samples, extraction efficiencies are improved as the samples are clarified, and proteinaceous material and cellular debris are precipitated and removed. Some xenobioties and their metabohtes are expressed in hair. Hair is an ideal matrix for extraction of analytes to nonpolar phases, especially when the parent xenobioties are extensively metabolized and often nondetectable in other tissues (parent molecules of xenobioties are usually less polar than metabolites). Hair is a popular target for forensic purposes and to monitor drug compliance and abuse. Human milk may be an indicator of exposure of a newborn to compounds to which the mother has been previously exposed. The main components of human milk are water (88%), proteins (3%), lipids (3%), and carbohydrates in the form of lactose (6%). At present, increasing attention is devoted to the determination of xenobioties in breath. This matrix, however, contains only volatile substances, whose analysis is not related to PLC applications. 

Established in 1894, AOAC International is an independent association of scientists and organizations in the public and private sectors devoted to promoting methods validation and quality measurements in the analytical sciences. AOAC has a mission to ensure the development, testing, validation, and publication of reliable chemical and biological methods of analysis for foods, drugs, feed-stuffs, fertilizers, pesticides, water, forensic materials and other substances affecting public health and safety and the environment. 

Dr. Karch is forensic science editor for Humana Press, and he serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Cardiovascular Toxicology, the Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine (London), Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, and Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons. 

Differential Thermal Analysis When aspirin (USP reference standard) was heated at a rate of 15°/min. in air, a single endotherm was observed with a T onset = 134° and T peak = 139°.1+6 DTA and TGA patterns of aspirin have also been previously studied1 cind used for forensic drug identification.1+8... 

The accurate analysis of these substances is the responsibility of the Drug Enforcement Administration s forensic laboratory system. This system consists of six regional laboratories - in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Dallas, and Washington, D.C. - together with a special testing and research center in McLean, Virginia. 

Baez, H., Castro, M.M., Benaventeb, M.A., Kintze, P., Cirimelee, V., Camargo, C. and Thomas, C. (2000). Drugs in prehistory chemical analysis of ancient human hair. Forensic Science International 108 173-179. 

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