Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

The identification, confirmation and quantification of TCA can be achieved by collision induced dissociation (CID) analysis using an ion 

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Kamal, A. and Sandra, P. 1994. Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile oils of two Teucrium polium varieties. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22 529-532. 

Berahia, T., Cerrato, C., Sabatier, S., and Amiot, M. J. (1993). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids in honey. Sci. Aliments 13,15-24. 

S. Hamm, E. Lesellier, J. Bleton, A. Tchapla, Optimization of headspace solid phase micro extraction for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of widely different volatility and polarity terpenoids in olibanum, J. Chromatogr. A, 1018, 73 83 (2003). 

Canini A, Alesiani D, D Arcangelo G and Tagliatesta P. 2007. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya L. leaf. J Food Comp Anal 20 584-590. 

For those aldehydes and ketones which are volatile enough, gas chromatography of the headspace gases can be used, and this has been used to measure acetone, butyraldehyde, and 2-butanone in oceanic waters. In a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a single sample of volatile materials concentrated from inshore waters onto Tenax GC, MacKinnon [ 139] reported tentative identification of methyl isopropyl ketone, bromoform, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, and 2-hexanal. 

Figure 2.2 shows the total ion current trace and a number of appropriate mass chromatograms obtained from the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the polluted soil sample. The upper trace represents a part of the total ion current magnified eight times. The peak numbers correspond with the numbers mentioned in Table 2.1 and refer to the identified compounds. The identification was based on manual comparison of mass spectra and relative gas chromatographic retention times with literature data [34, 35] and with data of standards available. In some cases unknown compounds were tentatively identified on the basis of a priori interpretation of their mass spectra (labelled tentative in Table 2.1). 

In the following discussion, three types of air pollutant analytical data will be examined using principal component analysis and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) procedure. A set of Interlaboratory comparison data from X-ray emission trace element analysis, data from a comparison of two methods for determining lead In gasoline, and results from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for volatile organic compounds In ambient air will be used as Illustrations. 

Lucas SV. 1984. GC/MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of organics in drinking water concentrates and advanced waste treatment concentrates. Volume I. NTIS PB85-128221. 

Helmig, D., W. Pilock, J. Greenberg, and P. Zimmerman, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Organic Trace Gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14697-14710 (1996). 

Fig. 5.1.3 Sterol analysis in patients with defective cholesterol biosynthesis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of sterols extracted from primary skin fibroblasts of a control subject, a Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) patient, and a Con-radi-Hunermann syndrome (CDPX2) patient, and lymphoblasts of a desmosterolosis patient cultured in lipoprotein-deficient medium reveals the accumulation of sterol intermediates indicative of a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis. Similar spectra can be obtained by sterol analysis of the plasma of such patients...

Caulfield MP, Lynn T, Gottschalk ME, Jones KL, Taylor NF, Malunowicz EM, Shackleton CH, Reitz RE, Fisher DA (2002) The diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the newborn by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of random urine specimens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 3682-3690... 

Semi-volatiles, S02, and N0X were also measured in the pyro-gas. The majority of the semi-volatile compounds detected were phthalates. The methods used to detect the semivolatiles (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis using dry sorbent resins) could have been the source of the phthalates, because these methods can give rise to phthalate contamination.1... 

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SYNTHETIC MATERIAL SAMPLES... 

B.R. Capacio, J.R. Smith, M.T. DeLion, D.R. Anderson, J.S. Graham, D.E. Platoff and W.D. Korte, Monitoring sulfur mustard exposure by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of thiodiglycol cleaved from blood proteins, J. Anal. Toxicol., 28, 306-310 (2004). 

Star anise volatile oils can also be isolated by supercritical C02 extraction coupled to a fractional separation technique. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the various fractions obtained in different extraction and fractionation conditions allowed the identification of the best operating conditions for the isolation of essential oil. A good extraction performance was obtained operating at 90 bar and 50°C (for 630min) for both treated materials. Optimum fractionation was achieved in both cases by operating at 90 bar and -10°C in the first separator and at 15 bar and 10°C in the second (Della Porta eta/., 1998). 

Strup, P. E., Wilkinson, J. E., and Jones, P. W. Trace Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Systems Using XAD-2 Resin and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Carcinogenesis. Vol. Ill, ed. by P. W. Jones and R. I. Freudenthal, Raven Press, New York 1978. 

Davarani, S.S.H., Masoomi, L., Banitaba, M.H., Zhad, H.R.L.Z., Sadeghi, O., Samiei, A. Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by headspace solid phase microextraction using a novel aluminum hydroxide grafted fused silica fiber followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 105, 347-353 (2013)... 

Lawrence, R.J., Smith, J.R., Boyd, B.L. (2008). Improvements in the methodology of monitoring sulfur mustard exposiue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of cleaved and derivatized blood protein adducts. J. Anal. Toxicol. 32(1) 31-6. 

Rohloff, J. Essential oil composition of sachalinmint from Norway detected by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 1543-1547. 

Revelsky I A, Yashin YS, Sobolevsky TG, Revelsky Al, Miller B, Oriedo V. Electron ionization and atmospheric pressure photochemical ionization in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of amino acids. Eur J Mass Spectrom 2003 9 497-507. 

D. Pardasani, M. Paht, A.K. Gupta, Pankaj K. Kanaujia and D.K. Dubey. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of trifluoroacetyl derivatives of precursors of nitrogen and sulfur mustards for verification of chemical weapons convention, J. Chrom. A, 1059,157-164,(2004)). 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on an HP 5890 series II chromatograph (Hewlett-Packard) coupled to an HP 5973 mass spectrometer (Hewlett-Packard) and equipped with an HP-5 capillary column (50 m X 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness = 1.05 mm, Hewlett-Packard). The injector was maintained at 270 C. After injection, oven conditions were as follows 35 C for 10 min, 7 C min-1 to 150 C, 15 C/min to 250 C, 250 C for 10 min. The transfer line to the mass spectrometer was maintained at 280 C. Mass spectra were generated by electronic impact. A solution of n-alkanes (C5-C18) was analyzed under the same conditions to calculate lineal retention indices (LRI). Compounds were identified by comparing mass spectra and LRI with those of reference compounds analyzed under the same conditions. Only the compounds identified that were previously described as dry-cured ham odorants (6, 7) were taken into account. 

Goldberger, B. A., Huestis, M. A., Wilkins, D. G. (1997). Commonly practiced quality control and quality assurance procedures for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in forensic urine drug-testing laboratories. Forensic Sci Rev, 9, 59-80. 

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the dimer and trimer fractions of the polymerisation products of propene and but-l-ene also suggested intramolecular hydride and methanide shifts as the source of the isomers formed. A mechanistic scheme for the oligomerisation of propene has been proposed, Reaction sequence (2.4) [31]. In most of the studies described above, the products have been analysed after hydrogenation. However, a study analysed the Cy product of a propene/but-l-ene copolymerisation before hydrogenation and confirmed the role of hydride and methanide shifts in determining the structures of the products [32],... 

Dietrich, A.M., D.S. Millington, and Y.-H. Seo. 1988. Specific identification of synthetic organic chemicals in river water using liquid-liquid extraction and resin adsorption coupled with electron impact, chemical ionization and accurate mass measurement gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J. Chromatogr. 436 229-241. 

Farrington, J.W., S.G. Wakeham, J.B Livramenta, B.W. Tripp, and J.M. Teal. 1986. Aromatic hydrocarbons in New York Bight polychaetes ultraviolet fluorescence analysis and gas chromatography / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20 69-72. 

Of the initial carbon in PBX-9404, 47% of the carbon has been identified in three products 33% formate, 13% acetate, 1% methanol. Of the initial nitrogen in PBX-9404, 70% of the nitrogen has been identified in five products 35% ammonia, 19% nitrite, 0.4% nitrate, 12% nitrous oxide, 3% nitrogen (Nj). 62% of the initial chlorine has been identified as chloride. In addition, a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was performed for RCRA-listed products. Of the nine products listed, all were less than 17 ppm, six were unlikely considering the starting materials, and none have yet been verified. 

Eriesen, M. D., Garren, L., Bereziat, J.-C., Kadlubar, F., and Lin, D., Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenyl imidazo [4,5-6] pyridine in urine and feces. Environ. Health Perspect, 99, 179-181, 1993. 

Liu, S. and Pleil, J. D., Human hlood and environmental media screening method for pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl compounds using liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, J. Chromatogr. B, 769, 155-167, 2002. 

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