Carbohydrates and sugars

In the demonstration of the foaming carbonisation of sucrose by sulfuric acid, it has been found that about half of the gas produced is carbon monoxide and not carbon dioxide as previously supposed. (Other sugars and carbohydrates may be expected to behave similarly.)... 

Analytical Properties Polar phase useful for sugar and carbohydrate separation not recommended for samples that contain aldehydes and ketones Reference 2, 3... 

Propazine and its primary metabolite, diamino-chlorotriazine, can attenuate the pituitary LH surge, leading to disruption of estrous cycle and certain reproductive and developmental processes. Propazine causes fatty degeneration. It also blocks metabolism of sugars and carbohydrates. It may also disturb the metabolism of some of the B vitamins (thiamine and riboflavin). 

Applications of PTCs in organic synthesis include polymer reactions, aromatic substitutions, dehydrohalogenations, oxidations, and alkylations of sugars and carbohydrates. PTCs can be used jointly with organometallic complexes as cocatalysts, bonded to polymeric matrices and used in asymmetric syntheses (34). Industrial applications have been in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other chemicals, including epichlorohydrin and benzotrichloride. 

The details of the full reaction are not fully known. ATP, an Mg ion, and an arginine residue play active roles. The molecule formed decays into two phospho-glycerate molecules, which later form sugars and carbohydrates. 

Tab. 1.3 class transition temperature of anhydrous sugars and carbohydrate polymers (adapted from Bhandari and Howes (1999)). 

Sugar and carbohydrates—Dietary carbohydrates, in particular sugar (sucrose), are prime contributors to the bacterial colonization of the teeth and the production and support of tooth decay. Bacteria in the plaque act on sucrose to produce lactic acid. 

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