Drug identification

Mass spectrometers can measure the masses of isotopes and molecules with high accuracy. Scientists use this capability to solve a variety of problems. Mass spectrometers are essential instruments in labora-tories that study topics as varied as drug identification and climatic change. 

To determine whether human testing for a new drug or new drug product is reasonable, it is first necessary to conduct preclinical studies and to submit the IND. The necessary information needed to prepare the IND is outlined in Table 1. The IND is to contain information on appropriate prior animal studies for safety evaluation, any available clinical data, adequate drug identification and manufacturing instructions, and a detailed outline of the proposed clinical study, routs of administration, approximate number of patients to be used, and an estimate of the length of treatment and an environmental impact statement. 

Differential Thermal Analysis When aspirin (USP reference standard) was heated at a rate of 15°/min. in air, a single endotherm was observed with a T onset = 134° and T peak = 139°.1+6 DTA and TGA patterns of aspirin have also been previously studied1 cind used for forensic drug identification.1+8... 

Approval for a drug to be marketed in Canada is in the form of a Notice of Compliance (NOC) and a Drug Identification Number (DIN) is issued. Drugs deemed not to have shown sufficient safety and efficacy are not approved and a Notice of Non-Compliance is issued. 

Analytical research receives the drug after synthesis and characterizes its physicochemical parameters to ensure that all pharmacological testing is done with pure material and to establish specifications so that future production lots will yield reproducible in vivo response. These specifications will include the purity of drug, identification and quantitation of other products of synthesis and... 

Perkins, Scott W. Drug Identification Designer and Club Drugs Quick Reference Guide. Cincinnati, OH Thompson Learning, 2000. 

Basic Pharmacology of Sympathomimetic Drugs Identification of Adrenoceptors... 

The selective absorption of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation by molecules is explained in a descriptive manner that stresses how the noncontinuous energy requirements of chemical substances can only be satisfied by photons that have energy values equivalent to that of the differences in energy levels of the molecule in question. The meaning and quantitative significance of Beer s Law is briefly discussed. The components of a simple spectrophotometer are illustrated, accompanied by a demonstration of the operation of a spectrophotometer in the laboratory. Actual applications of the techniques of spectrophotometry are described during the presentation of relevent topics, for example, in drug identification. 

Drug Identification, C. A. Johnson and A. D. Thomton-Jones (Ed.), London, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1966. 

This method also has the advantage that the most common adulterant of amphetamine, namely caffeine, can also be identified in this system, and a suitable mass spectrum obtained (Figure 2.5). As with all drug identification approaches, if the retention time data and mass spectra of the compounds match, then an identification can be inferred. 

Typical drug identifications based on chemical analysis depend upon presumptive (colour) test techniques, followed by chromatographic separation. However,... 

There are also a number of new analytical techniques available for the comparison of samples. Traditionally, drugs are compared on the basis of their impurity content. Little attention, until recently, had been applied to the use of DNA profiling for drug identification and comparison - such an approach offer great... 

R. Gill, A. C. Moffat, R. M. Smith, and T. G. Hurdley, A collaborative study to investigate the retention reproducibility of barbiturates in HPLC with a view to establishing databases for drug identification, 7. Chromatogr. Sci. 24 (1986), 153-159. 

MDI products are subject to batch control and acceptance tests similar to those for other pharmaceutical dosage forms, that is, active drug identification, dose delivery, and dose uniformity. Additional special tests unique to inhalers, e.g., characterizing the particle size distribution of the delivered aerosol, are also applied. Typical tests are shown in Table 3. 

Blackshear JL, Napier JS, Davidman M et al. Renal complications of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs identification and monitoring of those at risk. Seminars in Arthritis Rheumatism 1985 4 163-175. 

W. Weinmann, M. Gergov, M. Goemer, MS-MS Libraries with triple quadrupole MS-MS for drug identification and drug screening, Analusis, 28 (2000) 934. 

Sale of a drug in dosage form is prohibited unless there is a responsible person for the drug in Canada. The responsible person s name and address must appear on the inner and outer labels. If the drug is imported into Canada, the importer s name shall appear on the labels also. The Drug Identification Number (DIN) and in the case of proprietary drugs, general product (GP) followed by the number must be printed on the labels. 

Fitzgerald RL, Rivera JD, Herold DA. Broad spectrum drug identification directly from urine, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 1999 45 1224-34. 

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