Ammonium alum hydroxide

The large majority of activated alumina products are derived from activation of aluminum hydroxide, rehydrated alumina, or pseudoboehmite gel. Other commerical methods to produce specialty activated aluminas are roasting of aluminum chloride [7446-70-0], AIQ calcination of precursors such as ammonium alum [7784-25-0], AlH2NOgS2. Processing is tailored to optimize one or more of the product properties such as surface area, purity, pore size distribution, particle size, shape, or strength. 

S< dium Aluminato. . Ammonium Alum. . rola.uium Alum. . . Ammonia. . Ammonium (Ion). . Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Sulfale... 

Biiltemann 2 observed that vanadium ammonium alum separates out in blue crystals from a solution containing sulphuric acid, but from solutions containing a weak acid, or from neutral solutions, red crystals are obtained. (The chromium alums can also be prepared in differently coloured modifications.) The analytical data, melting-point, electrical conductivity, rate of efflorescence, and general behaviour of both kinds of crystals are identical, so that it is difficult to ascribe different constitutions to them. Meyer and Markowitz3 have shown that both forms separate out when the molecular proportion of sulphuric acid in the solution is less than that theoretically required, and attribute the red colour to the presence of traces of vanadous oxide, V203, or its hydroxide, V(OH)3. Vanadium rubidium and vanadium ciesium alums behave in the same way. A vanadium guanidine alum has also been prepared.4... 

When ferric ammonium alum and potassium ferricyanide are acted upon with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of free hydrochloric acid, a blue substance, Fe7(CN)18.10H2O, is obtained, having properties similar to Williamson s violet, but less stable towards dilute ammonium hydroxide.7... 

Ammonia alum Ammonium chloride, hydroxide, and molybdate Ammonium compounds, except for fertilizer Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium thiosulfate Barium compounds Bauxite, refined Beryllium oxide Bleach (calcium hypochlorite), industrial... 

Aluminum hydroxide Ammonium alum Sambucus nigra oil astringent, moisturizers Kola (Cola acuminata) extract astringent, mouthwashes Alcloxa... 

Poly [oxyethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene (dimethyliminio) ethylene dichloride] coagulant, wastewater Polyaluminum chloride coagulant, wastewater treatment Acrylates/acrylamide copolymer Polyaluminum hydroxide chloride sulfate Poly (2-hydroxypropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-6 coagulant, water clarification Polyquaternium-6 coagulant, water purification Ammonium alum Ferric sulfate coagulant, water purification plants Aluminum sulfate coagulant, water treatment Acrylates/acrylamide copolymer Aluminum chloride anhydrous Bentonite Calcium hydroxide Calcium monocarbonate Calcium oxide Cetrimonium chloride Diethylaminoethyl acrylate dimethyl sulfate quat. Dimethylamine/epichlorohydrin copolymer Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate dimethyl sulfate... 

Algin Aluminum sulfate Ammonium alum Ammonium sulfate Calcium acetate Calcium chloride Calcium gluconate Calcium hydroxide Calcium lactate Calcium lactobionate... 

Aluminum formate Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum sulfate Ammonium alum Ammonium chloride... 

Saturated solutions of alums kept at a constant temperature yield large, beautiful crystals of various colors, which are produced by partially substituting various transition metal cations for the aluminum in the alum. The addition of the ammonium alum (where = NH4) to a water supply produces a light, loose precipitate, or oc, of aluminum hydroxide that purifies drinking water. The fluffy, loosely associated nature of the Al(OH)3 is often attributed to hydrogen bonding between the precipitate and water molecules. 

ALUMINUM ALUM ALUMINUM CHLORIDE ALUMINUM FLUORIDE ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ALUMINUM OXYCHLORIDE ALUMINUM NITRATE ALUMINUM SULFATE AMMONIA (GAS-DRY) AMMONIUM ACETATE AMMONIUM ALUM AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE AMMONIUM CARBONATE AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, 10% AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, 28% AMMONIUM METAPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM NITRATE AMMONIUM PERSULFATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM SULFATE AMMONIUM SULFIDE AMMONIUM THIOCYANATE ANTHRAOUINONESULFONIC ACID... 

Aminoethanol 2-Aminoisobutyric Acid Ammonia Ammonia Solution Ammonium Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Alum Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Bromide Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Glycolate Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride Ammonium Hydrosulfide Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Hyposulfite Ammonium Iron Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium m-Phosphate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium o-Phosphate Ammonium Oxalate Ammonium Peroxydisulfate Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic Ammonium Rhodanide Ammonium Sulfamate Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thioglycolate Ammonium Thiosulfate... 

Although the latter had previously overlooked the new earth because of its similarity to alumina, he found in 1798 that the hydroxide that precipitates when caustic potash is added to an acid solution of the beryl does not dissolve in an excess of the alkali. It also differs from alumina in other respects, for it forms no alum, it dissolves in ammonium carbonate, and its salts have a sweet taste. Vauquelin s paper read before the French Academy on le 26 pluviose an VI of the Revolutionary Calendar, or the fifteenth of February, 1798 (6, 23), proved that, except for a little chromium in the emerald, the two gems have the same composition and that they contain a new earth, a sample of which he presented to the Academy. At the suggestion of the editors of the Annales de Chimie et de Physique, he called the new earth glucina, meaning sweet. The specimen of beryl that Vauquelin analyzed was presented to him by... 

An intimate mixture ot 274 grms. of rubidium iron alum, or 260 grms. of rubidium aluminium alum with 100 grms. of calcium carbonate, and 27 grms. of ammonium chloride, is heated in a nickel crucible to a dull red heat until ammonia vapours are no longer evolved, and then the temp, is raised to redness. The product is ground with a litre of cold water for 15 minutes filtered by suction and washed with 400 c.c. of water, added in small portions at a time. The combined sulphuric acid is precipitated by the addition of barium hydroxide, and the filtered liquid boiled while a stream of carbon dioxide is passed through the soln. If the soln. loses its alkaline reaction, and yet retains some calcium, a little rubidium carbonate must be added to precipitate calcium carbonate. The soln. is then treated with hydrochloric acid and evaporated. 

Yolumetrically, thiocyanate is estimated by Volhard s method, which involves titration with standard silver nitrate solution containing nitric acid, ferric alum being used as indicator. Cuprous thiocyanate dissolved in ammonium hydroxide solution and acidified with dilute sulphuric acid may be titrated with permanganate.6 An iodometrie method has also been described.7... 

The thiocyanate is prepared in solution by adding ammonium thiocyanate, NPLjSCN to HC1 solutions of the chloride. Both basic and double carbonates are known. The former is precipitated from Sc3+ solutions by adding carbonate solutions, and is probably Sc(OH)CC>3 H O. The latter are obtained by the use of an excess of the soluble carbonate. Normal, basic, and double sulfates are known. The first exists in several degrees of hydration the second is obtained as Sc(0H)S04 - 2H2O. by treating the normal sulfate tetrahydrate with the hydroxide. The alkali double sulfates and alums are obtained by treating the sulfate solution with an excess of the alkali (or ammonium) sulfate solution. 

The precipitate is dissolved in a little hot dilute hydrochloric acid and the aluminium hydroxide reprecipitated with ammonium chloride and ammonia. The precipitate is allowed to settle, washed by decantation and then on the filter with slightly ammoniacal hot water. The weight ol oxide obtained after igniting in a platinum crucible in a blowpipe flame is multiplied by two and the result diminished by the quantity normally present in wine (0 -o 1-0 -04 gram A1,0-, per litre). The remainder is calculated as alum. 

Determination of Orthophosphates.—(1) With Silver Nitrate.— This depends upon the precipitation of silver orthophosphate in solutions of low and controlled acidity. In the assay of commercial 85 per cent, phosphoric acid of density 1-710 the syrup is diluted to a convenient volume and an aliquot part is taken which contains about 0-1 gram of H3P04. It is neutralised to phenolphthalein with approximately decinormal alkali (free from chloride). 50 c.c. of decinormal silver nitrate are then added while the solution is kept neutral to litmus by stirring in zinc oxide or a suspension of the hydroxide. The whole or a measured part of the filtered solution is acidified with nitric acid and, after the addition of ferric alum, the unused silver nitrate is titrated with standard decinormal ammonium thiocyanate in the usual manner. Alkali phosphates may also be determined in this way. 

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