Ammonium Nitrate-phosphate Mixture

Nitrogen solutions consist of fertilizer product combinations, eg, ammonium nitrate —ammonia, urea—ammonium nitrate—ammonia, urea—ammonium nitrate, and urea—ammonia solutions. Mixed fertilizers cover a broad range and can be loosely defined as fertilizers which contain chemically mixed nitrogen, phosphoms, and potassium (N—P—K). Examples are ammonium phosphate—potash mixtures and ammonium phosphate nitrates. 

Many plants outside of North America pfill or granulate a mixture of ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate. Production of this mixture, often called calcium ammonium nitrate, essentially removes any explosion hazard. In many cases calcium nitrate recovered from acidulation of phosphate rock (see Phosphoric acid and the phosphates) is reacted with ammonia and carbon dioxide to give a calcium carbonate—ammonium nitrate mixture containing 21 to 26% nitrogen (23). 

Interaction with fused ammonium nitrate or with metal nitrates, phosphates or sulfates may be explosively violent [1]. Lithium and sodium carbonates may also react vigorously [2], The mixture with magnesium sulfate has been described as a noisy but low power bursting charge for pyrotechny [3],... 

Ammonium nitrate, a potential ingredient of terrorist bombs, can be made nonexplosive by addition of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH HPO Analysis of a such a NH4N03-(NH4)2HP04 mixture... 

Defluorinated Phosphate Rock. There is substantial production of defluorinated phosphate rock for fertilizer use in Japan (about 100,000 mt/year). Ground, high-grade rock is mixed with small proportions of sodium carbonate or sulfate and wet-process acid. The mixture is calcined at a temperature of 1350°C in an oil-fired rotary kiln 45.0 m in length and 2.7 m in diameter. The product contains 38-42 percent P205 of which more than 90 percent is soluble in neutral ammonium nitrate solution and is an effective fertilizer on acid soils. During the production of defluorinated phosphate rock, substantially all fluorine is driven off. Sodium bifluoride (NaHF2) is recovered as a byproduct. A similar product is made in the United States, but it is mainly used for animal feed supplement. 

In 1926 a branch of IG Farbenindustrie, the predecessor company of BASF in Germany, introduced Nitrophoska , which, according to aUSDA circular, differed from ordinary salt mixtures in that it had been subjected to a graining treatment in the process of mixing .Production started in 1927 and from 1927 to 1933 the process involved granulating a slurry of diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate in pug mills with additional potash salts. 

The growth medium includes defined salts, complex nutrients, surfactants, and inducer. The salts are the typical fermentation salts, including potassium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium sulfate [33]. The complex nutrients are most often 5 to 25 g L of corn steep liquor but can also include yeast extract. The surfactants are added to control or suppress foam formation. The surfactants used include commercial antifoams as well as soybean oil or palm oil. The inducers are proprietary to each manufacturer but will contain an inexpensive mixture of soluble and/or insoluble sugars. Some inducers used include milk whey, which contains lactose Solka floe cellulose or, sugar or paper mill waste streams. 

Ammonium nitrate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, and their mixtures can be used as matrix modifiers to reduce matrix effects in the determination of lead. 

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