Calcium salts chloride, gluconate

Calcium Salts [Chloride, Gluconate, Gluceptate] Cholecalciferol... 

Calcium Salts (Chloride/ Gluconate/ Gluceptate) [Calcium Supplement/ Anti-arrhythmic/Mineral/ Electrolyte] Uses ... 

Calcium salt. Calcium gluconate is the preferred salt in PN because it is has a low dissociation in solution with lesser free calcium available at a given time to bind phosphate (as opposed to calcium chloride, which dissociates rapidly in solution). 

Percentage elemental calcium content of various calcium salts calcium acetate (25%), calcium carbonate (40%), calcium chloride (27,2%), calcium citrate (21%), calcium glubionate (6,5%), calcium gluceptate (8,2%), calcium gluconate (9,3%), calcium lactate (13%), tricalcium phosphate (39%),... 

Calcium play vital role in excitation - contraction coupling in myocardium. Calcium mediates contraction in vascular and other smooth muscles. Calcium is required for exocytosis and also involved in neurotransmitters release. Calcium also help in maintaining integrity of mucosal membranes and mediating cell adhesions. Hypercalcemia may occur in hyperthyroidism, vitamin D intoxication and renal insufficiency, which can be treated by administration of calcitonin, edetate sodium, oral phosphate etc. Hypocalcemia may occur in hypothyroidism, malabsorption, osteomalacia secondary to leak of vitamin D or vitamin D resistance, pancreatitis and renal failure. Hypocalcemia can be treated by chloride, gluconate, gluceptate, lactate and carbonate salts of calcium. 

The interest in mineral fortification of milk for the production of milks with higher nutritional value is a challenge. This is because the introduction of minerals upsets the mineral-protein equilibria in milk which will affect their stability. Philippe et al. (2004) showed that supplementation of skim milk with calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, or calcium chloride (up to 16 mmole added Ca/kg) decreased the heat stability. The addition of MgCl2 or FeCla (at a level of 8 mmole/kg) also reduced the heat stability of casein micelles (Philippe et al., 2005). However, by manipulating the mineral equilibria of milk with the use of a combination of soluble calcium salts and orthophosphates, it is possible to produce milks (with up to 20 mmole added Ca/kg) that are stable to heating (Williams et al., 2005). O Kennedy et al. (2001) showed that denatured whey proteins could be used as a carrier for calcium phosphate and further that adequate heat stability at 130 °C of whey protein-calcium phosphate suspensions could be achieved by appropriate adjustment of pH. 

A calcium chloride bolus test dose (10-20 mg/kg up to 1 to 3 g) is the preferred therapy for patients with serious toxicity. In adults, calcium chloride 10% can be diluted in 100 mL normal saline and infused over 5 minutes through a central venous line. If a positive cardiovascular response is achieved with this test dose, a continuous infusion of calcium chloride (20-50 mg/kg per hour) should be started. Calcium gluconate is less desirable to use because it contains less elemental calcium per milligram of final dosage form. Intravenous calcium salts can produce vomiting and tissue necrosis on extravasation." Atropine also may be considered for treatment of bradycardia, but it is seldom sufficient as a sole therapy. ... 

Electrodialysis uses stacks of pairs of anion- and cation-exchange membranes in deionizing water and in recovery of formic, acetic, lactic, gluconic, citric, succinic, and glutamic acids from their sodium and potassium salts in fermentation broths.114 This may have an advantage over processes that involve purification through calcium salts. Electrodialytic bipolar membranes have been used to recover concentrated mineral acids from dilute solution.115 They can be used to convert sodium chloride to hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide in a process that avoids the use of chlorine.116 Soy protein has been precipitated by... 

Calcium gluconate injections into the areas of the wound (0.5 cc/cm of 10 % calcium gluconate) have also been used with success. Nevertheless calcium salts may be directly toxic to tissues, and this prohibits the use of calcium chloride. Infiltration is painful particularly into areas with limited tissue laxity as the fingers. Palmar fasciotomy may be needed to relieve pressure after tissue injections. The use of local anesthesia to enable infiltration is controversial because it removes a valuable clinical indicator of effectiveness of treatment. 

Incompatibilities Do not mix IV minocycline before or during administration with any solutions containing the following Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), aminophylline, amobarbital sodium, amphotericin B, bicarbonate infusion mixtures, calcium gluconate or chloride, carbenicillin, cephalothin sodium, cefazolin sodium, chloramphenicol succinate, colistin sulfate, heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, iodine sodium, methicillin sodium, novobiocin, penicillin, pentobarbital, phenytoin sodium, polymyxin, prochlorperazine, sodium ascorbate, sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, thiopental sodium, vitamin K (sodium bisulfate or sodium salt), whole blood. 

Prochlorperazine Edisylate Prochlorperazine edisylate is not compatible with sodium chloride solutions containing methyl hydroxybenzoate and propyl hydroxy-benzoate as preservatives, but is compatible with solutions containing benzyl alcohol. Prochlorperazine edisylate salts are incompatible with a number of drugs such as aminophylline, amphotericin, ampicillin sodium, some barbiturates, ben-zylpenicillin salts, calcium gluconate, cefmetazole sodium, cephalothin sodium, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, chloramphenicol, morphine sulfate containing phenol, magnesium trisilicate mixture, sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, dimenhydrinate, heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, midazolam hydrochloride, and some sulfonamides.166... 

Calcium Lactobionate occurs as a white to cream-colored, free-flowing powder. It readily forms double salts, such as the chloride, bromide, and gluconate. It is anhydrous when obtained by spray-drying, or the dihydrate when obtained by crystallization. It is freely soluble in water, but insoluble in... 

Calcium Gluconate, 60 Calcium Glycerophosphate, 60 Calcium Hydroxide, 61 Calcium Hydroxide TS, 850 Calcium Hydroxyapatite, 69, (Sl)10 Calcium Identification Test, 753 Calcium Iodate, 62 Calcium Lactate, 62 Calcium Lactobionate, 63 Calcium Lignosulfonate, (S 1)7 Calcium Oxide, 64 Calcium Pantothenate, 64 D-Calcium Pantothenate, 64 Calcium Pantothenate, Calcium Chloride Double Salt, 66 Calcium Pantothenate, Racemic, 65 Calcium Peroxide, 67 Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic, 67, (Sl)8 Calcium Phosphate, Monobasic, 68,... 

Hypomagnesemia is treated initially with oral, intramuscular, or intravenous administration of magnesium salts. Immediate control of the symptoms of acute hypermagnesemia is obtained with doses of intravenous calcium repeated hourly but extreme toxicity may require cardiac support or mechanical ventilation. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride can also be administered as antidotes. Serum levels are lowered by reducing intake and by normal methods of excretion, with diuretics given to patients with normal renal function. Other accompanying electrolyte imbalances should be treated concurrently, followed by treatment of the condi-tion(s) that lead to the imbalances. 

Intravenous calcium can be given as either the chloride or gluconate salt each is available as a 10% solution by weight. Calcium chloride provides approximately three times more calcium than equal volumes of the gluconate salt however, it can cause tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs. For this reason, calcium gluconate is more commonly administered, with the standard dose being one 10-mL ampule TV bolus over 5 to 10 minutes. 

Hypoparathyroidism is treated primarily with vitamin D and calcium supplementation. In severe hypocalcemia, symptoms are best treated intravenously. Calcium chloride, calcium gluceptate, and calcium gluconate all can be administered intravenously the latter two are preferred because they are less irritating. The gluceptate salt also can be administered intramuscularly when the intravenous route is unavailable. 

Skin. Immediately flood exposed areas with water. Then soak in a solution of Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) or calcium immediate topical use of calcium or magnesium may prevent deep bums. Some facilities that frequently manage HF cases purchase or prepare a 2.5% calcium gluconate gel (in water-based jelly), and this can be highly effective if applied immediately. Soaking in a dilute benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran) solution has been advocated as an alternative to calcium. 

Calcium glycerophosphate Calcium monocarbonate Calcium oxide Calcium pantothenate calcium chloride double salt (d or dl) Calcium D-pantothenate Calcium phosphate dibasic Calcium phosphate dibasic dihydrate Calcium phosphate monobasic monohydrate Calcium phosphate tribasic Calcium pyrophosphate Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate dihydrate Choline chloride Cod liver oil Copper gluconate (ic)... 

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