Partially substituted

Substitution for Fe has a drastic effect on intrinsic magnetic properties. Partial substitution by or decreases J) without affecting seriously, resulting in larger and values. Substitution by Ti and Co causes a considerable decrease in K , the uniaxial anisotropy (if j > 0) may even change into planar anisotropy (if < 0). Intermediate magnetic stmctures are also possible. For example, preferred directions on a conical surface around the i -axis are observed for substitution (72). For a few substitutions the value is increased whereas the J) value is hardly affected, eg, substitution of Fe byRu (73) or by Fe compensated by at Ba-sites (65). 

Sodium is an indispensable element for some crops (notably sugar beet), can partially substitute for potassium in several crops, contributes to neutralising soil and subsoil acidity, and has a positive effect on soil phosphoms solubiUty. Sodium is an essential nutrient for cattle, and sodium appHcation to soil increases its content in pastures. Sodium nitrate is particularly effective as a nitrogen source for sugar beet, vegetable crops, tobacco, and cotton (qv), and for any crop in acid soils. 

Thermolysis of binary carbonyls or of their partially substituted derivatives, either under vacuum or in solutions, has been used to produce carbonyls and carbonylate anions with an unparalleled range of structures (Fig. 25.11). The Ru chemistry, though less well developed, mostly parallels that of These compounds... 

Particular examples of using polymer composites as screens are given in [14-16, 67-75], The present review does not touch the properties of the composite materials based on fabrics of conducting fibres due to the fact that manufacturing techniques for such materials are specific and differ greatly from the mixing processes considered above. However, these materials also have an application field, say, in contacts for calculator and computer keyboards [9] and even in small-power electric motor commutators as a partial substitute for copper [76, 77]. 

The tolerance toward calcium of mixtures of commercial C10-C14 LAS and commercial C16-C18 AOS has been studied by Suri et al. [3]. Their results in Fig. 6 show too that AOS has superior tolerance toward calcium as compared with LAS. Partial substitution of LAS by AOS improves the hardness sensitivity of LAS. This in turn will improve the detergency performance of such mixtures in hard water. 

An alternative technique to NMR spectroscopy is chromatography. The partially functionalized sample is completely fimctionahzed with a group different from the one present, the product carefully de-polymerized, its structure examined with a chromatographic technique. For example, partially substituted CA was further derivatized with methyl vinyl ether, the product hydrolyzed, the monomers produced examined with gas chromatography [241]. HPLC has been advantageously applied for the determination of substitution pattern for CAs with DS 0.8 to 3.0, by employing the same approach, i.e., further derivatization of the partially derivatized polymer with methyl trifluoroacetate, followed by de-polymerization. The results obtained by this technique compared favorably with those obtained by NMR [242]. 

Utilization of ROP processes of completely or partially substituted cyclo-phosphazenes to obtain POPs having predictable chemical structures... 

Process III Preparation of Polyphosphazenes by Ring Opening Polymerization Processes of Substituted or Partially Substituted Cyclophosphazenes... 

Polyphosphazenes sulfonates XIX with the anion covalently attached to the polymer are a new class of cation conductors that have been synthesized by Shriver [625]. They were obtained by reaction of Na0C2H4S03Na with an excess of polydichlorophosphazene in the presence of 15-crown-5, followed by the reaction of the partially substituted product with the sodium salt of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether). The conductivity at 80 °C of the polymer with x=1.8, m=7.22 is 1.7x10 S cm This low conductivity can be attributed to an extensive ion pair formation between the sodium and sulfonate ions. 

In our design, divalent Ca was chosen to partially substitute the trivalent atoms, and La and Ce were selected for a trivalent element because their ionic size (rLas+ = l.SOA rce3+=l-48A) was close to that of Ca (rca2+ = T48A) [21]. Like La, the Ce element also generally shows a formal -i-3 oxidation state in in-termetallics. Erom the reactions of the elements, we have identified as major phases the electron-precise/deficient alloys, Ln5.xCaxGe4 (Ln=La, Ce x=3.37,... 

Catalytic combustion of diesel soot particulates over LaMnOs perovskite-type oxides prepared by malic acid method has been studied. In the LaMn03 catalyst, the partial substitution of alkali metal ions into A site enhanced the catalytic activity in the combustion of diesel soot particulates and the activity was shown in following order Cs>K>Na. In the LarxCs MnOj catalyst, the catalytic activity increased with an increase of X value and showed constant activity at the substitution of x>0.3... 

In this paper, we prepared LaMnOa perovskite-type oxides using the malic acid method and investigated their physical properties. It has been also investigated the effect of partial substitution of metal iorrs into La and Mn sites and the reaction conditions on the activity for the combustion of soot particulates. 

In dichloromethane solutions, excitation of the chromophoric groups of the dendrons causes singlet-singlet energy transfer processes that lead to the excitation of the porphyrin core. It was found that the dendrimer 17, which has a spherical morphology, exhibits a much higher energy transfer quantum yield (0.8) than the partially substituted species 13-16 (quantum yield <0.32). Fluo-... 

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