Potash, caustic

C7H6O2 Oily liquid of aromatic odour b.p. 196°C. (t is prepared by the action of chloroform and caustic potash on phenol (the Reimer-Tiemann reaction) or by the oxidation of the glucoside salicin. It is easily reduced to salicyl alcohol or oxidized to salicylic acid. 

Caulks Caustic Caustic baryta Caustic extraction Caustic fusion Caustic magnesia Caustic potash Caustic soda... 

Electrolytic plant producing caustic potash, chlorine, and hydrogen from brine. 

Chlorine Caustic Soda Chlorine Caustic Potash ) Chlorine Sodium Soda Ash ) Chlorine Magnesium Chlorine, Caustic Soda Caustic Potash... 

Chlorine from Potassium Hydroxide Manufacture. One of the coproducts during the electrolytic production of potassium hydroxide employing mercury and membrane ceHs is chlorine. The combined name plate capacity for caustic potash during 1988 totaled 325,000 t/yr and growth of U.S. demand was expected to be steady at 2% through 1990 (68). 

In a caustic scmbbing system, caustic potash, KOH, is preferred to caustic soda, NaOH, because of the higher solubiUty of the resulting potassium fluoride. Adequate solution contact and residence time must be provided in the scmb tower to ensure complete neutralization of the intermediate oxygen difluoride, OF2. Gas residence times of at least one minute and caustic concentrations in excess of 5% are recommended to prevent OF2 emission from the scmb tower. 

Acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, and especially hydrofluoric as well as strong alkaUes such as caustic soda and caustic potash are extremely corrosive to animal and vegetable tissue. Extreme caution must be taken to prevent skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion. Violent reactions may occur when dissolving or diluting many of these chemicals with water. 

KOH Caustic Potash, technical data. International Miaeials and Chemical Coip., Noithbiook, lU., Oct. 1976, p. 25. 

The dye has been degraded by a fusion with caustic potash and the degradation products identified as various o-anilinyl mercaptans. They were identified and characterized by condensation with monochloroacetic acid to give the thioglycohc acids which, on acidification, were converted to well-defined crystalline lactams (2—4) together with a small amount of ji)-aminobenzoic acid. 

For the manufacturiag of potassium ethyl xanthate, 400% excess of alcohol and equimolar quantities of 50 wt % aqueous potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide were used (77). After 30 min at 40°C, the mixture was vacuum dmm dried. The product was obtained ia near quantitative yield and assayed at 95%. It is claimed that potassium amyl xanthate can be made with almost the same ratio of reactants and 80 wt % caustic potash (78). 

Potassium benzoate [582-25-2] is produced by neutralizing benzoic acid with caustic potash. The resulting solution is processed in a fashion nearly identical to that of sodium benzoate. Product forms are also similar. 

Inorga.nicNIa.teria.ls. These include acids (sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric), bases (caustic soda, caustic potash, soda ash, sodium carbonate, ammonia, and lime), salts (sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium sulfide) and other substances such as chlorine, bromine, phosphoms chlorides, and sulfur chlorides. The important point is that there is a significant usage of at least one inorganic material in all processes, and the overall toimage used by, and therefore the cost to, the dye industry is high. 

Stress corrosion can arise in plain carbon and low-alloy steels if critical conditions of temperature, concentration and potential in hot alkali solutions are present (see Section 2.3.3). The critical potential range for stress corrosion is shown in Fig. 2-18. This potential range corresponds to the active/passive transition. Theoretically, anodic protection as well as cathodic protection would be possible (see Section 2.4) however, in the active condition, noticeable negligible dissolution of the steel occurs due to the formation of FeO ions. Therefore, the anodic protection method was chosen for protecting a water electrolysis plant operating with caustic potash solution against stress corrosion [30]. The protection current was provided by the electrolytic cells of the plant. 

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (caustic potash) White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution in water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue... 

Ammonium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) Quaternary ammonium hydroxides Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)... 

Alkali Ammonia Biocides Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) Calcium oxide (lime) Calcium hydroxide Sodium, potassium and calcium carbonates Ammonia (q.v.)... 

Evaporators have performed successfully in a number of industrial applications. Typical materials that are processed in evaporators include Caustic Soda, Caustic Potash, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Dichromate, Sodium Nitrate, Ammonium Nitrate, Phosphoric Acid Superacid, Potash, Urea, Glue, Glycerine,... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Caustic potash Chemical Formula KOH. 

Note The detection is not affected if the dipping solution exhibits a slight opalescent turbidity. Fast blue salt BB [18] or fast blue salt RR [18,19] can be employed in the reagent in place of fast blue salt B. It is occasionally preferable not to apply spray solutions I and II separately but to work directly with a 0.1% solution of fast blue salt B in caustic soda solution (c=l—2mol/l) [13, 15] or in 0.5% methanolic caustic potash [3]. 

Constitution. Pelletierine behaves as a secondary amine and the oxygen atom of the alkaloid is present in the form of an aldehyde group, since the base yields an oxime, convertible by the action of phosphorus pentachloride into a nitrile, b.p. 104-6°/13 mm., which is hydrolysed by caustic potash in alcohol to an acid, the ethyl ester of which is Loffler and Kaim s ethyl -2-piperidylpropionate. Pelletierine is not directly oxidisable to this acid. It also yields a liquid hydrazone, b.p. 130°/20 ram., which with sodium in alcohol at 136-70° reduces to dZ-eoniine. These reactions are explained by the following formulas, in which pelletierine is represented as -2-piperidylpropionaldehyde. 

Clemo, Perkin and Robinson have recorded the production of indole and carbazole when methylstrychnine is heated with caustic potash, and more recently a series of simple bases has been obtained by the alkaline degradation of strychnine. Of these, tryptamine (j8-3-indolylethylamine), 3-ethylindole, indole and 4-methyl-3-ethylpyridine have been identified, and a fifth purified as the picrate, CjoHuN. CgH30,N3, m.p. 192°, has been described by Clemo and by Siddiqui, but has not been identified. Tryptamine is to be expected as the Robinson formula includes the tryptamine skeleton. ... 

CATALOX , aluminum oxide, 37 Catalysts Chemicals Division, 211 Catechol, 37 Caustic potash, 37 Caustic soda, 37... 

Nitrogen (Dumas).—According to this method, a weighed quantity of the substance is heated with copper oxide in a tube filled with carbon dioxide. The carbon and hydrogen form respectively caibon dioxide and water, and the nitrogen which is liberated in the foim of gas is collected over caustic potash (which absorbs the carbon dioxide) and measured. 

Dissolve about i gram of an organic base (brucine, strychnine, quinine, c.) in 10 c.c. of a mixture of equal volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid and water. To the clear hot solution add excess of platinic chloride and let it cool. Yellow microscopic crystals of the chloroplatinate of the base separate. (If the chloroplatinate of the base is very soluble in water, such as aniline, it must be washed with strong hydrochloiic acid, pressed on a porous plate and dried in a vacuum-desiccator over solid caustic potash.)... 

Methylated spirit contains, in addition to ethyl and methyl alcohols, water, fusel-oil, acetaldehyde, and acetone. It may be freed from aldehyde by boiling with a—3 per cent, solid caustic potash on the water-bath with an upright condenser for one hour, or if larger quantities are employed, a tin bottle is preferable, which is heated directly over a small flame (see Fig. 38). It is then distilled with the apparatus shown in Fig. 39. The bottle is here surmounted with a T-piece holding a thermometer. The distillation is stopped when most of the spirit has distilled and the thermometer indicates 80°. A further purification may be effected by adding a little powdered permanganate of potash and by a second distillation, but this is rarely necessary. The same method of purification may be applied to over-proof spirit, which will henceforth be called spirit as distinguished from the purified product or absolute alcohol. 

Reaction.—a too c.c. flask to a short upright condenser (see Fig. 86) and to the upper end of the condensei attach a vertical delivery tube, dipping into an ammoniacal cuprous chloride solution. Pour 2—3 c.c. of ethylene bromide into the flask with 4 times its volume of strong methyl alcoholic potash, which is prepared by boiling methyl alcohol with excess of caustic potash on the water-bath with upright condenser. On gently heating, a rapid evolution of acetylene occurs and the characteristic brown copper compound (C2H,Cu,HjO) is precipitated from the cuprous chloride solution. 

Boil a few drops of aldehyde with i—2 c.c. of caustic potash solution. The liquid becomes yellow and a brown resinous piecipitate is formed. 

Add a little caustic potash solution. Crystals of potassium oxalate are deposited. The ester is hydrolysed. 

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