Alpha chains

Positive-ion electrospray mass spectrum of human hemoglobin (a) as initially obtained with all the measured masses, and (b) after calculation of true mass, as in Figure 8.3. The spectrum transforms into two main peaks representing the main alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin with accurate masses as given. This transformation is fnlly automated. The letters A, B, C refer to the three chains of hemoglobin. Thus, A13 means the alpha chain with 13 protons added. 

Karras J.G., Maier M.A., Lu T, Watt A., Manoharan M. Peptide nucleic acids are potent modulators of endogenous pre-mRNA splicing of the murine inter-leukin-5 receptor-alpha chain. Biochemistry 2001 40 7853-7859. 

Jones, R. T. Koler, R. D. and Stocklen, Z. "Multiple Alpha Chain Loci for Human Haemoglobins Hb J-Buda and Hb G-Pest". Nature (1972), 47. 

Hyaluronic acid and collagen are the two main structural components. The collagen is similar to that found in cartilage, consisting of three alpha-chains and known as type II collagen, although subtle differences are now recognized (Swann and Constable, 1972 Swann, 1980). 

CD49 Cluster of differentiation 49 CD51 Known to be vitronectin receptor alpha chain CD54 Known to be Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 also known as ICAM-1... 

Iijima, H., Takahashi, I., Kishi, D., Kim, J.K., Kawano, S., Hori, M. and Kiyono, H. (1999) Alteration of interleukin 4 production results in the inhibition of T helper type 2 cell-dominated inflammatory bowel disease in T cell receptor alpha chain-deficient mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, 607-615. 

Lugli, S.M., Feng, N., Heim, M.H., Adam, M., Schnyder, B., Etter, H., Yamage, M., Eugster, H.P., Lutz, R.A., Zurawski, G. and Moser, R. (1997) Tumor necrosis factor alpha enhances the expression of the interleukin (IL)M receptor alpha-chain on endothelial cells increasing IL-4 or IL-13-induced Stat6 activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 5487-5494. 

Sakaguchi, S. et al., Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases, J. Immunol. 155, 1151-1164, 1995. 

Doganci A, Neurath MF, Finotto S The IL-6R alpha chain controls lung CD4-FCD25-F Treg development and function during allergic airway inflammation in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005 115 313-325. 

Clinical pharmacology Basiliximab is a chimeric (mouse/human) interleukin-2 receptor antagonist. It is directed against the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha chain (CD25) on activated T-lymphocytes, and is a potent inhibitor of interleukin-2-mediated activation of lymphocytes, a critical pathway in the cellular immune response involved in allograft rejection. Another anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody, dacUzumab (Zenapax), has the same indication as basiliximab. 

Class Immunosuppressive chimeric monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to and blocks the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain on the surface of activated T- lymphocytes... 

Mechanism of Action Acts as an IL-2 receptor antagonist by binding with high affinity to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor complex and inhibits IL-2 binding Competitively inhibits IL-2 mediated activation of lymphocytes... 

Takaki S, Kanazawa H, Shiiba M, Takatsu K. 1994. A critical cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor alpha chain and its function in IL-5-mediated growth signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol. 14 7404-7413. 

Tavernier J, Devos R, Comelis S, Tuypens T, et al. 1991. A human high affinity interleukin-5 receptor (IL5R) is composed of an IL5-specific alpha chain and a beta chain shared with the receptor for GM-CSF. Cell. 66 1175-1184. 

Przepiorka D, Keman NA, Ipppoliti C, Papandopoulas EB, et al. 2000. Dachzumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain antibody, for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease Blood. 2000 83-89. 

Bensmana, M. Lefranc, M.-P. (1990). Gene segments encoding membrane domains of the human immunoglobulin gamma 3 and alpha chains. Immunogenetics 32,321-330. 

Knight, K.L., Malek, T.R., Hanly, W.C. (1974). Recombinant rabbit secretory immunoglobulin molecules alpha chains with maternal (paternal) variable-region allotypes and paternal (maternal) constant-region allotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 1169-1173. 

Fu, Y., and Grieninger, G. (1994). Fib420 A normal human variant of fibrinogen with two extended alpha chains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 2625—2628. 

Veklich, Y. I., Gorkun, O. V., Medved, L. V., Nieuwenhuizen, W., and Weisel, J. W. (1993). Carboxyl terminal portions of the alpha chains of fibrinogen and fibrin Localization by electron microscopy and the effects of isolated alphaC fragments on polymerization. / Biol. Chem. 268, 13577-13585. 

The individual collagen types are denoted by roman numerals, with individual chain types indicating alpha chains. For example, al (V) indicates the al chain of type V collagen. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced by the human placenta and excreted into the urine, whence it can be extracted and purified. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein consisting of a 92-amino-acid alpha chain virtually identical to that of FSH, LH, and TSH and a beta chain of 145 amino acids that resembles that of LH except for the presence of a carboxyl terminal sequence of 30 amino acids not present in LH. 

Basiliximab also binds to the IL-2 receptor alpha chain on activated lymphocytes but is a chimeric human-mouse IgGl. Its indication is identical to that of daclizumab however, basiliximab is given in two bolus or intravenous infusions, the first administered no more than 2 hours prior to transplant and the second 4 days after the transplant procedure. 

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