Beta chains

Positive-ion electrospray mass spectrum of human hemoglobin (a) as initially obtained with all the measured masses, and (b) after calculation of true mass, as in Figure 8.3. The spectrum transforms into two main peaks representing the main alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin with accurate masses as given. This transformation is fnlly automated. The letters A, B, C refer to the three chains of hemoglobin. Thus, A13 means the alpha chain with 13 protons added. 

Bonati, A., et al. T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangement and expression during human thymic ontogenesis, Blood, 79, 1472, 1992. 

G2. Goorha, R., and Bumin, N., Provocative pattern of rearrangements of the genes for the gamma and beta chains of the T-cell receptors in human leukemias. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 4547-4551 (1987). 

Doganci A , Karwot R , Maxeiner JH 24 ( contributed equally), et al 1L-2R beta Chain Signaling Controls Immunosuppressive CD4 T Cells in the Draining Lymph Nodes and Lung during Allergic Airway Inflammation 25... 

Development of multiple follicles, and induction of ovulation and pregnancy GI 12644092 follitropin beta chain precursor (FSH-beta) (FSH-B) PID gI2644092 Human follicle stimulating hormone PDB ID 1FL7... 

ATP synthase beta chain Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase... 

Fibrinogen beta chain Ferritin light chain... 

Pymvate kinase, Ml isozyme Tropomyosin beta chain... 

The original structure assigned it was that of a vinylamine (with the loss of a hydrogen molecule from the alpha/beta chain positions. This was shown to be incorrect. 

Tavernier J, Devos R, Comelis S, Tuypens T, et al. 1991. A human high affinity interleukin-5 receptor (IL5R) is composed of an IL5-specific alpha chain and a beta chain shared with the receptor for GM-CSF. Cell. 66 1175-1184. 

Hydoxyurea therapy promotes the manufacture of fetal hemoglobin, which does not carry beta chains, and therefore the sickle cell mutations. Cell with fetal hemoglobin do not sickle. 

Bacon-Baguley, T., Ogilvie, M. L., Gartner, T. K., and Walz, D. A. (1990). Thrombospondin binding to specific sequences within the A alpha- and B beta-chains of fibrinogen. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2317-2323. 

Francis, C. W., Bunce, L. A., and Sporn, L. A. (1993). Endothelial cell responses to fibrin mediated by FPB cleavage and the amino terminus of the beta chain. Blood Cells 19, 306-307. 

Pandya, B. V., Cierniewski, C. S., and Budzynski, A. Z. (1985). Conservation of human fibrinogen conformation after cleavage of the B beta chain NH2 terminus. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2994-3000. 

Honda M, Kitamura K, Takeshita T, Sugamura K, Tokunaga T Identification of a soluble IL-2 receptor beta-chain from human lymphoid cell line cells. J Immunol 1990 145 4131—4135. 

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced by the human placenta and excreted into the urine, whence it can be extracted and purified. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein consisting of a 92-amino-acid alpha chain virtually identical to that of FSH, LH, and TSH and a beta chain of 145 amino acids that resembles that of LH except for the presence of a carboxyl terminal sequence of 30 amino acids not present in LH. 

---