Allergic irritant dermatitis

Eye and Skin Contact. Some nickel salts and aqueous solutions of these salts, eg, the sulfate and chloride, may cause a primary irritant reaction of the eye and skin. The most common effect of dermal exposure to nickel is allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel dermatitis may occur in sensitized individuals following close and prolonged contact with nickel-containing solutions or metallic objects such as jewelry, particularly pierced earrings. It is estimated that 8—15% of the female human population and 0.2—2% of the male human population is nickel-sensitized (125). 

Allergic contact dermatitis, burning, dryness, edema, irritation... 

Jessner s Solution has been used for over 100 years as a therapeutic agent to treat hyperkera-totic epidermal lesions [1]. This superficial peeling agent constitutes a mixture of salicylic acid, resorcinol, and lactic acid in 95% ethanol. Jessner s solution causes loss of corneocyte cohesion and induces intercellular and intracellular edema. Jessner s typically induces wounding to the level of the papillary dermis. Historically, resorcinol (a key component of Jessner s peels) was used in concentrations of 10-50% in the early twentieth century. High concentrations of resorcinol were associated with side effects such as allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact... 

Complications of hydroquinone therapy include acute and chronic reactions. Common acute reactions are irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Lesional and perilesional hypopig-mentation may occur. This is usually a tempo-... 

Some nickel compounds may be irritant to skin and eyes and dermal contact with nickel can result in allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel carbonyl is extremely toxic by inhalation and should be handled in totally enclosed systems or with extremely efficient ventilation. Air monitors linked to alarms may be required to detect leaks. Respiratory equipment must be available for dealing with leaks. Biological checks (e.g. nickel in urine) should be considered for routine operations involving nickel catalysts. 

Skin contact with metalworking fluids may cause skin irritation or a contact irritant dermatitis. Contact with neat oils may cause folliculitis (oil acne). Contact with some aqueous-mix fluids may, depending upon the additives, e.g. biocides, cause an allergic contact dermatitis. Formerly the use of unrefined mineral oils posed a risk of skin cancer. 

Irritant contact dermatitis results from first-time exposures to irritating substances such as soaps, plants, cleaning solutions, or solvents. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs after an initial sensitivity and further exposure to allergenic substances, including poison ivy, latex, and certain types of metals. 

Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.30 Upon initial exposure, a substance penetrates the skin, binds to a protein and develops into sensitizing antigens. Subsequent exposures to that substance will then elicit an allergic reaction.25,29,30 Symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis are similar to those of the irritant type, but may take several hours to several days to develop following re-exposure.25,26... 

In contrast, nothing is known about B megapotamica and its relationship with other plants in its habitat. However, both P. hysterophorus and B megapotamica pose a serious hazard to animals who ingest these plants. P. hysterophorus has been implicated in allergic contact dermatitis common in many parts of India (11,12), and, as we shall see, B megapotamica contains a series of sesquiterpenes which are probably the most potent skin irritants known. 

Side effects include dryness, irritation, and allergic contact dermatitis. It may bleach or discolor some fabrics (e.g., clothing, bed linen, towels). 

Side effects include skin irritation, erythema, peeling, allergic contact dermatitis (rare), and increased sensitivity to sun exposure, wind, cold, and other irritants. 

Smith, H., Basketter, D., and McFadden, J., Irritant dermatitis, irritancy and its role in allergic contact dermatitis, Exp. Dermatol., 27, 138, 2002. 

A detailed review is presented of the literature on cutaneous reactions to rubber, the aspects covered including latex allergy, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. The adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber occurring following industrial and occupational or consumer exposure to rubber chemicals or products or to natural rubber latex proteins are discussed. 261 refs. 

Camarasa and Serra-Baldrich [94] reported allergic contact dermatitis after repeated contact with TPP-treated plastics. Meeker and Stapleton [95] indicated endocrine disruptive properties for TPP and TDCiPP, through a negative correlation with semen quality and thyroid hormone levels, respectively. Kanazawa et al. [71] associated mucosal symptoms of the sick building syndrome with high indoor exposure to TBP. These symptoms include irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat symptoms such as flushing, and mucosal symptoms such as irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat the latter symptoms were strongly associated with TBP levels in air and dust. 

Sporadic cases of dermatitis due to primary irritation by a-chloroacetophenone have been reported. Allergic contact dermatitis to this substance in chemical Mace has been documented by patch test evaluation, and it is said to be a potent skin sensitizer. ... 

Toxicology. Chlorothalonil is an irritant to the skin and eyes and has been reported to produce allergic contact dermatitis in exposed workers. 

Toxicology. Cobalt causes skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, and occupational asthma interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is associated with exposure to hard metal dust (tungsten and cobalt). 

Eye contact with liquid cyclohexanone may cause corneal injury. The liquid is a defatting agent, and prolonged or repeated skin contact may produce irritation or dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in... 

DDVP has been shown to cause a persistent irritant contact dermatitis in one worker with negative patch tests and appears to be capable of inducing an allergic contact dermatitis. ... 

Formaldehyde is one of the most common causes of occupational skin disease the major effects of formaldehyde on the skin are irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant dermatitis results from direct injury to the skin and is characterized by redness and thickening of the affected areas. In more severe cases there may be blistering, scaling, and the formation of fissures. 

Toxicology. Glutaraldehyde is an irritant of the upper respiratory tract and may be capable of inducing asthma in some individuals it is a skin irritant and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis. 

Glutaraldehyde has caused an allergic contact dermatitis in hospital workers using it as a cold sterilant or in handling recently processed X ray film. It appears to be a strong sensitizer. In general, reactions present as a vesicular dermatitis of the hands and forearms. Rubber gloves do not appear to afford complete protection. In unsensitized individuals it acts as a mild skin irritant. 

MEKP has caused irritant dermatitis with direct contact only rarely has it caused allergic contact dermatitis from occupational exposure. ... 

Estimates of exposure levels associated with sudden death have not been made because workers typically absorb considerable amounts of NG through the skin in addition to inhalation. Skin contact may also cause an irritant dermatitis resembling poison ivy, and, occasionally, allergic contact dermatitis has been reported. ... 

In direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes propylene oxide has an irritant or corrosive effect, depending on the concentration allergic contact dermatitis has been reported, and corneal burns from the vapor have also been described. ... 

TETA on the skin causes irritation and dermatitis, and continued exposure can induce allergic contact dermatitis. Cross-sensitization to other amines has occurred. 

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