Defatting agents

Eye contact with liquid cyclohexanone may cause corneal injury. The liquid is a defatting agent, and prolonged or repeated skin contact may produce irritation or dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in... 

The liquid is a defatting agent, and prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. 

To a large extent, therefore, the toxicities of esters tend to be those of their hydrolysis products. Two physical characteristics of many esters that affect their toxicities are relatively high volatility, which promotes exposure by the pulmonary route, and good solvent action, which affects penetration and tends to dissolve body lipids. Many volatile esters exhibit asphyxiant and narcotic action. As expected for compounds that occur naturally in foods, some esters are nontoxic (in reasonable doses). However, some of the synthetic esters, such as allyl acetate, have relatively high toxicities. As an example of a specific toxic effect, vinyl acetate acts as a skin defatting agent. 

Since emulsion and synthetic fluids are potent defatting agents, the skin reaction to them may include maceration, dryness and chapping , reddening, and vesiculation. Bacterial growths in the fluid do not appear to be directly injurious to workers, but rancid fluids and products of bacterial action can lead to skin disorders. As in the case of insoluble oils, both treatment and prevention are based on the control of exposure. Corticosteroid creams may be used as an adjunct in the treatment. The value of barrier creams and other protective gels is not universally accepted but they do offer modest usefulness in certain situations and have been shown to reduce ul-trastructural and cytoarchitectural changes in human epidermis after applications of acetone and kerosene. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS produces tumors of the liver and pituitary gland in animals may cause adverse reproductive effects is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure may cause hyper-pigmentation elevated serum enzyme and triglyceride levels have been reported considered to be a potential human carcinogen. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS there is little evidence that turpentine vapor at lower concentrations is a chronic systemic poison defatting agent, causing dermatitis skin hypersensitivity. 

Methyl alcohol Is a defatting agent and may cause skin to become dry and cracked. Skin absorption can occur, symptoms may parallel inhalation exposure. 

Medical Surveillance Preplacement and periodic evaluations should include a complete history with emphasis on the history of fainting spells that may be a result of a cardiovascular or a nervous disorder and also notations of those conditions that may create a susceptibility to the effects of anoxia or anemia. Physical examinations should emphasize the cardiovascular, nervous, and upper respiratory systems, along with the thyroid. Because cyanide is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure, the skin should also be examined during these evaluations. 

Uses Detergent raw material for cleansing and defatting agents, all-purpose cleaners, car shampoos, dishwash, ball bearing polishes, chain lubricants Properties Dk, amber vise, liq. pH 7.0-7.5 (1% solids) 90% cone. 

Skin Cleansers. Their mildness, foaming quahties, water solubiUty, and tolerance of slightly acid conditions (pH 5—6) make many of the surfactants Hsted in Table 8 attractive for use in formulating facial and body cleansers. Irritant quahties of preparations based on one or more of these surfactants can be further modified by the addition of Hpids or agents that lower the defatting (drying) tendencies of the finished product. 

Follow-up studies utilized finely-milled legume flours and the addition of soybean flour as a fat-control agent in an effort to improve doughnut quality (5). The legume products and doughnuts prepared from them are shown in Figure 5. On a dry weight basis, peanut flour from solvent extracted peanuts (PF-SE) contained 0.9% fat and 54.4% protein while cowpea flour (CF) contained 1.4% fat and 25.5% protein. Peanut flour from partially defatted untoasted peanuts (PF-PD-U) contained 34.5% fat and 34.9% protein while peanut flour from partially defatted peanuts toasted at 160°C contained 34.4% fat and 37.6% protein. 

Defatting creates cell necrosis. Nematocides also reduce cell P450 content. Sulphyril, but not glutathione, mediates toxic effects. Biotransformation (hydrolysis and oxidation) is via the mercapturic acid route, producing a-chlorohydrin and a-bromohy-drin, two antifertility agents. Further oxidation of these substances may produce oxalic acid, which causes liver and kidney damage. 

C. Other agents may act by alkylating, oxidizing, reducing, or denaturing cellular proteins or by defatting surface tissues. 

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