Alcohols sulfonates

Sulfates or sulfonates Alkali metal salts of sulfated alcohols, sulfonic acid salts alkyl-aryl sulfonates sodium laiiryl sulfate Nonaqiieoiis systems mixed aqueous and nonaqiieoiis systems oil-well drilling muds spent H3SO4 recovery deep-fat frying... 

The direct reaction of 1-alkenes with strong sulfonating agents leads to surface-active anionic mixtures containing both alkenesulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates as major products, together with small amounts of disulfonate components, unreacted material, and miscellaneous minor products (alkanes, branched or internal alkenes, secondary alcohols, sulfonate esters, and sultones). Collectively this final process mixture is called a-olefinsulfonate (AOS). The relative proportions of these components are known to be an important determinant of the physical and chemical properties of the surfactant [2]. 

The direct functionalization of arenes by primary alcohol sulfonate esters has also been reported.44 5mol% AUCI3/AgOTf was again used as catalyst and high yields (up to 92%) of products obtained in some cases. Higher yields (e.g. 97, 93%) were obtained in intramolecular cycloalkylation reactions of a similar type. 

Alkenes may be obtained by elimination reactions from alkyl haUdes, alcohols, sulfonates or amines. The substitution pattern of the alkene and the stereospecificity of these methods depend quite subtly on the structure of the individual substrate. If the leaving group occupies an unsymmetrical position in a compound, one of two isomeric alkenes can be formed (Scheme 3.1). Elimination to give an alkene bearing the greatest number of alkyl groups is known as the Saytzeff elimination and is commonly found with alkyl halides. When the elimination gives preferentially the less-substituted alkene, it is known as the Hofmann elimination This substitution pattern is commonly foimd with the elimination of alkylammonium salts. In practice, mixtures of alkenes are often obtained. 

SnCLrinduced cyclizations between alkenes and enol acetates result in cycloalkanes or bicycloalkanes in high yield (Eq. 59). It is interesting to note that the MesSiOTf-catalyzed reaction can yield fused rather than bicyelo products. Alkenic carboxylic esters, allylic alcohols, sulfones, and sulfonate esters are also cyclized in the presence of SnCU alkenic oxiranes, however, often cyclize in poor yield [89a]. 

With long-chain hydrocarbons, such as oil, where hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the molecule exist, surface-tension effects will be significant, and may result in foaming and possible acceleration of carryover. The alkalinity of the boiler water may saponify any fatty acids present, producing a crude soap that may foam. Soaps, sulfated oils and alcohol, sulfonated aliphatics and aroma.ics, quaternary ammonium compounds, nonionic organic ethers and esters, and various fine particles, act as emulsifiers that can increase foaming. 

Flo Mo . n tco/Organics] Ethoxylated alcohols, sulfonates, or formulated prods. detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier for cleaning food handling equip., agric. formulations. 

Wetting agents are surfactants and reduce the surface tension between the binder solution and the pigment particles. Wetting agents used in paint technology include calcium, zinc octoate, or naphthenate, fatty alcohol sulfonates, castor oil acid derivatives, and conversion products, poly(glycol ethers), and low-viscosity silicone oils. 

Sodium C14-17 alcohol sulfonate Sodium C14-17 sec alcohol sulfonate. See Sodium Cl4-17 alkyl sec sulfonate Sodium Cl 1-14 alkane sulfonate Synonyms Paraffin (Cl 1-Cl4) sulfonate, sodium salt SAS Secondary alkane sulfoante Sodium alkane (Cl 1-Cl4) sulfonate Formula CH3(CH2)mCH(CH2)nCH3(S03lNa", m + n = 8-11... 

Synonyms Sodium C14-17 alcohol sulfonate Sodium Cl4-17 sec alcohol sulfonate Sodium C14-17 sec alkane sulfonate Sulfonic acids, C14-17-sec-alkane, sodium salts... 

Wu CS, Lin FY, Chen CY, Chu PP (2006) A polyvinyl alcohol -sulfonate phenolic resin composite proton conducting membrane. J Power Sources 160 1204—1210... 

Yang T (2009) Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfonated p-cyclodextrin for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Int J Hydrogen Energ 34 6917-6924... 

Ethoxylated Sulfonates The condensation of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide yields non-ionic sufactants, which are low emulsifiers and low foamers. The ethoxylated sulfonates can be prepared by sulfonating ethoxylated alcohols. Sulfonated alcohols are excellent foamers as are the sulfonated versions of non-ionic surfactants. The ethoxylated sulfonates are also known as alcohol ether sulfonates. The laboratory results and field tests indicate that the mixed surfactant formulation composed of a petroleum sulfonate and ethoxylated sulfonate or alcohol can improve oil recovery as well as increase salinity tolerance. Ethoxylated sulfonates also lead to a greater flexibility in fluid system design because the degree of ethoxylation and/or the chain length may be varied to adjust slug viscosity. 

Syndet components sodium tiipolyphosphate 0.08% tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.085% sodium perborate 0.064% sodium carbonate 0.18% sodium sulfate 0.12% sodium chloride 0.004% sodium metasilicate 0.045% lauryl alcohol sulfonate 0.18% lauric acid ethanolamide 0.015% sodium tripolyphosphate 0.15% sodium tripolyphosphate 0.50% tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.15% sodium metaphosphate 0.15% ordinary soap 0.3% lauryl sulfate 0.05% sodium carbonate, tech calcined 0.1%... 

When sulfonate esters such as 187 react with aqueous acid or aqueous hydroxide, the parent sulfonic acid is regenerated. This is formally analogous to the saponification reaction discussed in Section 20.2. Acid or base hydrolysis of 187 gives 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (181) as the product. The mechanism of this process is the exact reverse of that shown for converting the acid to the ester, except that an excess of water is used rather than an excess of alcohol. Sulfonate esters are useful compounds in a variety of applications. 

Along with such complexes, their patent included a wide variety of compounds that contain platinum bound through adjoining aromatic amines. Many of these are based on substituted o-phenylenediamine where the substituting group, Ri, can be an acid, alcohol, sulfonic, or other compoimd that can subsequently be connected to a polymer through a condensation or addition reaction of the complex (31). 

Alcohol ethoxylate 7 EO (petrochem.) Fatty alcohol sulfonate (palm)... 

Sodium calcium polyphosphate, glassy. See Sodium calcium polyphosphate Sodium C8-10 alcohols sulfate. See Sodium C8-10 alkyl sulfate Sodium C9-14 alcohols sulfate. See Sodium C9-14 alkyl sulfate Sodium C12-15 alcohols sulfate. See Sodium C12-15 alkyl sulfate Sodium C12-18 alcohols sulfate. See Sodium C12-18 alkyl sulfate Sodium C16-20 alcohols sulfate. See Sodium C16-20 alkyl sulfate Sodium C14-17 alcohol sulfonate Sodium C14-17 sec alcohol sulfonate. See Sodium C14-17 alkyl sec sulfonate Sodium C13-17 alkane sulfonate CAS 93763-92-9 EiNECS/ELiNCS 297-913-1 Synonyms Suifonic acids, C13-17-aikane, sodium sails Definition Sodium sail of a suifonated aikane with 13-17 carbons in aikyi chain Ionic Nature Anionic... 

Yun, S., Im, H., Heo, Y, Kim, J., Crosslinked sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, J. Membr. Set, 2011, 380, 208-215. 

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