Saponification reactions

Problem 27.4 I Write the saponification reaction of glyceryl dioleate monopalmitate with aqueous NaOH. 

A continuous saponification process developed in Leuna is shown in Fig. 9. The saponification reaction... 

This saponification reaction can be followed by withdrawing samples from a BR at various times, adding excess standard add to quench the reaction by neutralizing the unreacted hydroxide, and titrating the excess acid with base. In a particular experiment at 16°C, samples of 100 cm3 were withdrawn at various times the concentration of acid used (HC1) was 0.0416 mol L-1. The following results were obtained (V, is the volume of acid solution required to neutralize umeacted NaOH at time /) (Glasstone, 1946, p. 1058). 

PVA Formation Reaction. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is itself a modified polymer being made by the alcoholysis of poly(vinyl acetate) under acid or base catalysis as shown in Equation 1 (6.7). This polymer cannot be made by a direct polymerization because the vinyl alcohol monomer only exists in the tautomeric form of acetaldehyde. This saponification reaction can also be run on vinyl acetate copolymers and this affords a means of making vinyl alcohol copolymers. The homopolymer is water soluble and softens with decomposition at about 200°C while the properties of the copolymers would vary widely. Poly(vinyl alcohol) has been widely utilized in polymer modification because ... 

What type of bonds present in the triglycerides are broken during the saponification reaction ... 

Write a word equation for the saponification reaction in this lab. 

This arises, because water accelerates the direct saponification reaction between the EVA and the alkali catalyst. Moreover, water also accelerates the reaction between an acetic acid ester formed as a byproduct in the transesterification and the alkali catalyst. 

Neutralization. The saponification reaction between alkaline solutions and fatty acids is almost instantaneous ... 

Alternative to the acid hydrolysis of the p-lactam amide system is the base promoted saponification reaction. Robinson and Pluschke [64] have employed the LiOH-promoted hydrolysis of the bicyclic p-lactam 17 as a means to the synthesis of key diamino acid residue 18, employed in the preparation of a malaria-vaccine candidate, Scheme 6. 

Figure 1.62 Stack plot of FTIR spectra at various time spans (each 65 ms) for the saponification reaction between methyl monochloroacetate and sodium hydroxide [110] (by courtesy of RSC).

In order to extract and isolate fatty acids from corn oil, first, the ester linkages must be broken. This is achieved in the saponification reaction in which a triglyceride is converted to glycerol and the potassium salt of its fatty acids ... 

The reactivity of esters in saponification reactions is influenced by steric factors. Branching in both the acyl and alkyl portions of an ester hinders attack of the hydroxide nucleophile. This effect is less dramatic in the alkyl portion of the ester than in the acyl portion because alkyl branching is one atom farther away from the site of attack, but it is still significant. 

The higher the silicone content and the lower the degree of saponification (z = high), the poorer the solubility in water. The saponification reaction with alkaline catalysts can break the silicone chain. Nevertheless, more than 50 wt% of silicone remains covalently bound to the polyvinyl alcohol part after saponification. With a special saponification process found at Wacker Specialties it is even possible to leave more than 60 wt% and up to 99 wt% of the total silicone content covalently bound to the polyvinyl alcohol part after saponification. The unbound silicone can be removed, if desired. 

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